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Using The Collectors edited by A. S. King in the iHgh School Classroom

10/1/2025

 

Meet our Contributor

Kate Youngblood has been teaching 9th and 11th grade English at Benjamin Franklin High School in New Orleans, Louisiana for the past eleven years. She graduated from Louisiana State University with a BA in English, secondary education. She later earned her M.A.Ed. from Wake Forest University. She has presented at the National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention six times and has been published as a co-author in Signal Journal and English in Education. Kate was selected as the Louisiana State High School Teacher of the Year in 2021. She can be reached at [email protected].
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The Collectors edited by A. S. King by Kate Youngblood

​I live in a notoriously weird city.
 
In New Orleans, we wear costumes on weekdays, we second line at funerals, we gleefully rip heads off of crawfish before devouring them while out of towners look on in horror.
 
Weirdness in high school is often undervalued, however, even in a city as joyfully odd as New Orleans. High school students crave assimilation, believing adolescence will be easier if they fit in rather than stand out. I teach 9th graders, and one of my favorite parts about them is, especially in August, many still enter the school with their weirdness intact. I view it as part of my job to make them see those strange, different, out of sync parts of themselves as critical to their identity. 
​So, I was thrilled to read A.S. King’s foreword to her Printz award winning anthology, The Collectors: “There is currency in weirdness… There are no rules. There is no normal… You can be as weird as you want” (3).
 
This advice to students echoes so much about how I want my students to feel as they enter high school; to have a collection of short stories where weirdness was the operating principle felt like kismet.
 
My freshmen were assigned 5 of the short stories from this collection (though, of course, I encouraged them to read them all!): “Play House” by Anna-Marie McLemore, “Take It From Me” by David Levithan, “Ring of Fire” by Jenny Torres-Sanchez, “A Recording For Carole Before It All Goes” by Jason Reynolds, and “Sweet Everlasting” by M.T. Anderson. 
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These stories allowed us to dive deeply into identifying literary elements and techniques, building student confidence for their ability to notice the moves authors make and connecting them to their impact. “Play House” showed us how metaphors impact mood. “Take It From Me” made us question narrator reliability. “Ring of Fire” illuminated the power of symbols. “A Recording for Carole Before It All Goes” pushed syntax to the forefront of our discussions. “Sweet Everlasting” put characterization on full display.
 
These texts were all rich and layered, but still accessible to 9th graders. More importantly, they were all so obviously weird and different, making them exciting for students to discuss. More than 5 parents reached out to me to say that their kids were actually talking to them about the reading at home! One said she’d overheard her daughter on the phone with another students, animatedly saying, “But do you think the fire was real?” The stories did what great literature does: crept into their brains and their lives beyond the confines of the school building.
For our final project on the unit, students created a literary square analysis project, which I adapted from The Daring English Teacher. Here is the version that I gave my students: our project. Grading these projects did the same thing for me that reading the stories did for my students: it delighted me. I loved seeing their creative interpretations of the texts, I loved learning which students had read beyond the five required stories, I loved reading their pithy and funny and heartfelt reviews.
 
I always struggle with whether or not to start my 9th grade classes with a whole class novel. I like the experience of reading something together, in unison. But sometimes starting with a novel feels simultaneously over and underwhelming: students who are transitioning to a whole new world get bogged down in reading 20-30 pages a night and easily fall behind, class discussions sometimes take a while to heat up as the exposition drags on, and trust in me and my taste is under established. 
​This collection of short stories feels like the perfect solution. The texts are challenging and varied. The protagonists range from relatable to demonic (literally). There is some story in the anthology for each student. I am so happy to have found this collection which allowed me to set the tone for both the nitty gritty and the existential elements of my classroom: this is how we do English and this is how you do life.
 
A.S. King’s final words in the foreword anchor my class now: “Be defiantly creative. Make art of your life, especially if you don’t consider yourself an artist – collect all the little pieces of you and make your story. When you look back many years from now, you will see something extraordinary and impossible to duplicate. You will see you” (3). 

What Are They Reading? Eighth Graders Give the Scoop on What They Recommend

9/24/2025

 

Meet our Contributor

Katie Sluiter has taught ELA in a small urban district near Grand Rapids, Michigan for over twenty years. She has her Ph.D. in English Education from Western Michigan University. Her current research involves teaching the Holocaust and human rights in the ELA classroom. Her most recent publication, “Bearing Witness to Resistance and Resilience: Holocaust Literature in the ELA Classroom” was published by English Journal in November of 2024.She works closely with The Olga Lengyel Institute for Holocaust Studies and Human Rights (TOLI) both nationally and through regional programing in Michigan and Indiana.
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What Are They Reading? Eighth Graders Give the Scoop on What They Recommend

At the beginning of every school year, I interview my new 8th grade honors students about what they like to read. Each year, there are enduring favorites mentioned, but it’s also interesting to me to see the trends in what genres middle grade readers are most interested in.
 
When I first moved from teaching high school to junior high twelve years ago, the top two favorites were fantasy (dragon books and vampires in particular) and realistic fiction that had to do with mental health and/or death (think Thirteen Reasons Why, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, and anything by John Green).
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This year, the genres were more varied than usual, but the number one book remains Percy Jackson and The Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan. Our students read this book in 7th grade ELA, and many go on to read everything else Riordan has written. If you have not read the book, I’ll let my 8th graders tell you what it’s about and why they love it.
 
“It is a fantasy book. It is about a kid whose dad is a Greek god and he goes to a camp and goes on missions. He is healed by waters. I like that it has fighting. I also like that he meets more Greek gods on his quests.” (Lukas)
 
“The book is about a 12 year old kid who is dyslexic [and] finds out he is half-god and half-human and gets attacked by monsters when he isn’t with his step dad. He gets his mom taken by a monster and goes on a quest to find her but goes through many challenges then gets blamed for stealing Zeus’s lightning bolt and goes on another quest to find it and gets to see his Dad Poseidon for the first time. I liked how there was a lot of action in the book and it felt like you were really in the book by how the author wrote it.” (Cristopher)
 
“My favorite thing in the book is the ending of the book. It was not just a boring ending, it was a very creative ending and it’s still my favorite book to this day.” (Jameson)
 
Students go on to say they like the action and plot twists and that many of the Greek gods and mythical creatures are introduced throughout the book. They also loved the plot twists and cliffhangers at the end of chapters. Quite a few went on to say this was the first “real” book they ever finished.

Other genres students gave book recommendations in were widely varied.
 
In contemporary realistic fiction, students recommended books such as…
 
The Benefits of Being an Octopus by Ann Braden. “It’s about a teenage girl who has an abusive stepfather that struggles. I like this book because I like the connections she made with being like an octopus.”
 
Some Kind of Courage by Dan Gemeinhardt. “It is a western fiction. It’s about a boy who sets off to find his best friend, Sarah, a horse that was taken from him. I liked that book because it was very exciting and you never know what’s gonna happen next.”
 
The Star Outside My Windowamzn.to/3K85Izv by Onjali Q. Rauf. “It is realistic fiction adventure about this girl who goes on a journey to find a star that her mom said was for her. I liked how smoothly everything in the book flowed, and how advanced of a reading it was for me.”
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Monster by Walter Dean Myers. “This book is about a 16 year old black male who is being accused of being an accomplice in a robbery. What I like about this book is that it is realistic and shows that there is a lot of messed up things happening in the real world.”
 
The One And Only Ivan by Katherine Applegate. “It’s not really ‘realistic’ fiction, but it’s fiction. It is about a gorilla that got taken away from his family. After he was taken away he got put into a cage to be shown, but we find out later he used to live in the owner’s home. But then he got too big and the owner started showing him, and the gorilla met some friends and started drawing. I’ve compared all other books to this one.”
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I have many readers clamoring for romance in their fiction. Some they say they’ve enjoyed include:
 
The Summer I Turned Pretty by Jenny Han. “It is a good series based on a girl being in kind of a love triangle with her mom’s best friend’s sons. These books are an emotional plot twist! When reading the book it makes you just wanna yell at the characters for what they do, I like that about it cause it keeps you entertained and interested. This romance book is a very good one!”
 
If He Had Been With Me by Laura Nowlin. “I loved this book because of its amazing way of capturing evolving as young people in mature, scared, and developed teens. I also like how the book considers all types of point[s] of view, and gives a suspenseful feeling. It’s sad, but it gives great messages of how we, as people, can overcome and heal from our pain.”
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The mystery, suspense, and horror genres are booming in recent years. Some books in these genres my 8th graders recommend are:
 
The Thief of Always by Clive Barker. “It’s about a 10 year old boy who gets lured into a place called the Holiday House where his wishes are granted, but the house is a trap to steal kids’ souls!”
 
A Good Girl’s Guide to Murder by Holly Jackson. “I really enjoyed reading the book and loved the twist. It’s about a couple who were killed and no one figured out who killed them, but Pip is going to find out.”
 
The Inheritance Games by Jennifer Lynn Barnes. “The story follows a girl named Avery Grambs who’s 17, homeless and trying to survive high school. Out of the blue she gets a letter requesting her presence at the reading of Tobias Hawthorne’s will, leaving her with 42 billion dollars. To figure out why a stranger left her money, she solves all sorts of riddles alongside his grandsons. The reason I liked this book so much is because of all the plot twists and shocks in this story. In general, it’s just a very fun read.”
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​Historical fiction is usually a recurring favorite as well. Students tend to encounter Alan Gratz books in 5th and/or 6th grade in our intermediate school ELA curriculum, so by the time they get to me, they have topics they love, but are hungry for even more. Some they recommend right now include:
 
Prisoner B-3087 by Alan Gratz. “It is about a boy and his family who hid during the Holocaust who was caught while scavenging for supplies. When he arrived he was treated poorly. When the war stopped the Nazis were planning on killing them.”
 
Hunt for the Bamboo Rat by Graham Salisbury. “It’s about a Japanese American who became a spy for the U.S. in  World War II. I like how it feels like it can be actually true.”
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​And of course, students are very much still loving comics, graphic novels, and manga. Some favorites include anything by Raina Telegemeier, the Amulet books, and the Demon Slayer manga series.
 
I’m excited to circle back and conference with my students after a couple weeks of independent reading and journaling to find out what new titles and genres they have fallen in love with, and what they are looking to read next.
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​All of the books in my classroom library are either purchased by me or donated. The classroom wish list on Amazon is generated by student requests or recommendations. If you would like to donate a book to the library, you can click here.

Teaching Dystopias in Dystopic Times

9/17/2025

 

Meet our Contributor

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Nadia Behizadeh is former middle school teacher and now a professor of adolescent literacy at Georgia State University and co-director of the Center for Equity and Justice in Teacher Education. She also serves as Past Chair of the English Language Arts Teacher Educators (ELATE) and on the ELATE Executive Committee. Nadia has been a member of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for 20 years Her scholarly endeavors center on increasing students’ access to critical literacy instruction that prepares them to envision and build a more just world.

Teaching Dystopias in Dystopic Times by Nadia Behizadeh​

It’s a lovely cool evening in Atlanta, and I’m sitting on the living room couch with the windows open, thinking about my teaching today. I taught an ELA methods class in the afternoon, and we watched headlines from Democracy Now!. We do this periodically throughout the semester to help us consider how to bring what’s happening in the world into our classrooms. It’s especially important to me that educators, myself included, witness the oppression and injustice occurring in our world, along with the resistance to oppression. As I wrote in a recent article in Voices from the Middle, “Teaching Dystopias during Difficult Times to Build Criticality”:
I aim to foster a global sense of solidarity in our social justice teacher education spaces and model how we build this sense of solidarity and responsibility in middle school classrooms—where notions of “place” and “community” expand from the locations in which we live and work. Criticality “involves agitation—and a radical departure from anything that has caused harm to any community” (Muhammad, 2023, p. 13). Agitation on behalf of any community means building radical empathy with oppressed peoples across the world. I fervently believe that “we must see the world through the eyes of the dispossessed and act against the ideological and institutional processes and forms that reproduce oppressive conditions” (Apple & Au, 2009, p. 991). Yet developing radical empathy means being willing to look at—and not turn away from—atrocities happening in our world. (Behizadeh, 2025, pp. 26-27)
The article focuses on an ELA methods class I taught on October 30, 2023. In the article, I recap headlines from that day. The headlines included that 8,300 people were killed in Gaza by Israeli forces, including 3,500 children. Just about two years later, on this day of September 8, 2025, Democracy Now! has a headline that Save the Children reports Israel has killed more than 20,000 children. According to PBS News (2025), the total death toll in Gaza has surpassed 64,000. 
I am sitting with the enormity of this number today: 20,000 children dead. 64,000 total people killed in Gaza. I am trying to imagine what is unimaginable: the immense devastation and grief felt by family members at the loss of their loved ones. 
We cannot turn away from these atrocities. We must be willing to face what many organizations have termed a genocide happening in Gaza (Amnesty International, 2024; Center for Constitutional Rights, 2024: International Court of Justice, 2024; International Genocide Scholars Association, 2025) and then take actions to end this genocide. 
Yet in the crazy-making doublespeak era we live in where the term genocide applied to Gaza is being denied and censored despite the evidence (again, consider these reports: Amnesty International, 2024; Center for Constitutional Rights, 2024: International Court of Justice, 2024; International Genocide Scholars Association, 2025), where honoring diversity means being prejudiced (The White House, 2025), where masked ICE agents terrify and brutalize immigrants in the name of combating terror (Human Rights Watch, 2025)—in this dystopic world, what can teachers and teacher educators do to alleviate suffering? What can literacy teachers do “so that people stop hurting and killing each other”? (Bruce, 2013, p. 31)

Storying Possibility and Resistance

Again and again, my research, my thinking, and my meditation on this all-too-short time I have on this Earth have brought me to story. It is through story that we can truly empathize with other people. It is through story that social discourse can shift to bring about more equity and justice. Through dystopias in particular, we can examine how characters navigate authoritarian worlds and climate crises to not only survive, but often to create new worlds in which humans can thrive. Story matters in this moment. Reading the news everyday can create depression and hopelessness, while stories can provide inspiration and a vision of what could be. Dystopian texts — with themes of evading surveillance, combating environmental destruction, and resisting authoritarianism— provide powerful entry points for thinking about the ills of our current world and also possibilities for solidarity and resistance. 
In my 2025 Voices article, I shared how to approach dystopian literature with middle grade and young adult students. My goal was to highlight how these stories help students think critically about power, justice, and agency in both fictional and real-world contexts. In the article, I described how after reviewing the headlines in late October 2023, my preservice teachers and I engaged in a model lesson focused on The Giver (Lowry, 1993) in which we use characteristics of a dystopia from a handout from readwritethink.org (NCTE/IRA, 2006) to analyze the society in the novel and our own society. Because we had just watched global headlines, my preservice teachers made connections between headlines and characteristics of a dystopia. In the article, I shared:
Because we just discussed current events, some PTs [preservice teachers] talk about what is happening in Gaza as dystopic—and how Palestinians have been under constant surveillance for many years and are now living in even more of a dehumanized state. Another group of PTs talks about the surveillance of teachers in Georgia due to recent “divisive concepts” legislation (Rhym & Butler, 2022; York et al., 2024) as dystopic. (Behizadeh, 2025, p. 28)
Importantly, my preservice teachers were invited to make connections between the headlines and characteristics of a dystopia; I was not asking them to deem a particular social issue dystopic. Although I hold very strong views about particular issues and topics, it is not my job to tell my preservice teachers what to think or do or believe. Rather, I strive to model problem-posing education (Freire, 1970/2000) and embrace critical literacy practices (Behizadeh, Low, & Kim, in press) by presenting texts and materials to learners and asking them: what do you make of this? What does it mean to you, based on your lived experiences, knowledge, and beliefs? As Freire wrote, “Authentic liberation – the process of humanization – is not another deposit to be made” (p. 79). 
I shared a table of dystopian texts and teaching resources in my 2025 Voices article. Below, I’ve adapted that table into a more blog-friendly format so that teachers can quickly find texts and lesson plans to use in their classrooms. Because so many dystopian texts are geared towards high school students, I tried to identify texts that would work with middle grades students.  I hope this collection of resources will be useful to teachers and teacher educators seeking to engage learners in meaningful conversations about justice and society. 

Dystopian Texts & Resources for Middle Grades

​The Giver (1993) by Lois Lowry (Grades 5–9)

  • Description: Jonas, a 12-year-old boy, discovers the secrets of his seemingly perfect society when he is chosen to receive memories from the Giver.
  • Resources: 6th Grade Unit Plan on Challenging Authority from Fishtank Learning (https://www.fishtanklearning.org/curriculum/ela/6th-grade/the-giver/); 7th Grade Unit Plan: The Giver from Louisiana Dept. of Education (https://www.louisianabelieves.com/docs/default-source/teacher-toolbox-resources/ela-grade-7---the-giver-1-0-unit.pdf)
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​The Marrow Thieves (2017) by Cherie Dimaline (Grades 8–12)

  • Description: Frenchie, an 11-year-old boy in the Métis Indigenous community, travels across Canada to escape hunters and find community.
  • Resources: The Marrow Thieves Reading Guide from Kansas State University (https://krex.k-state.edu/items/fb79695a-0bb4-42c0-a50e-2fc0bf1c9a4e) need to adapt; A Tale of Disruption: Teaching The Marrow Thieves for eighth grade, post by Emily Visness (https://nerdybookclub.wordpress.com/2018/09/22/a-tale-of-disruption-teaching-the-marrow-thieves-bycherie-dimaline-post-by-emily-visness/)
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​Sanctuary (2020) by Paola Mendoza and Abby Sher (Grades 8–12)

  • Description: 16-year-old Vali and her brother Ernie seek safety in a future America where undocumented immigrants are hunted and surveilled by the government.
  • Resources: YA Weekend Pick, post by Meg Grizzle in Steve Bickmore’s blog (http://www.drbickmoresyawednesday.com/weekend-picks-2023/weekend-pick-for-june-9-2023); Suggested Discussion Questions, post in Young Adult Lit Reviews blog (https://yalitreader.wordpress.com/2023/06/09/sanctuary-by-paola-mendoza/)
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Dry (2018) by Neal Shusterman (Grades 7–12)

  • Description: A group of teens struggle to survive during a massive drought in Southern California.
  • Resources: Reading Group Guide by Cory Grimminck (https://riteenbookaward.org/sites/riteenbookaward.org/files/110/Dry reading guide.pdf); 7 Lessons from Climate Change Fiction, post by Sarah Outterson-Murphy (https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/7-lessons-climate-change-fiction)
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City of Ember (2003) by Jeanne DuPrau (Grades 3–7)

  • Description: Two 12-year-olds must uncover secrets of their underground city as they face impending darkness and resource depletion.
  • Resources: Resources for City of Ember, including 20 lesson plans for fifth-grade students, developed by Western Oregon University (https://oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/77697/overview)
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The Hunger Games (2008) by Suzanne Collins (Grades 7–12)

  • Description: Katniss, a 16-year-old girl, volunteers to take her sister’s place in a deadly televised competition where young people fight to the death.
  • Resources: The Hunger Games and Nature Imagery, post by Margaret A. Robbins in Steve Bickmore’s blog (http://www.drbickmoresyawednesday.com/monday-motivators-2024/appreciating-the-outdoors-the-hunger-games-and-nature-imagery-by-margaret-a-robbins-phd); Activities and Lessons for The Hunger Games, post in Language Arts Classroom blog (https://languageartsclassroom.com/the-hunger-games-lesson-plan-ideas/)
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The Last Book in the Universe (2000) by Rodman Philbrick (Grades 4–7)

  • Description: Spaz, a 14-year-old boy with epilepsy, embarks on a journey in a civilization where reading has been forgotten and society is controlled by mindprobes.
  • Resources: Classroom Guides for Teachers, includes project ideas (https://rodmanphilbrick.com/teaching/)
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“All Summer in a Day” (1954) by Ray Bradbury (Grades 6–12)

  • Description: A group of children on Venus lock a newly arrived child in a closet, causing her to miss the sun, which shines one hour every seven years.
  • Resources: Lesson Plan and Text from New Bremen Schools (https://www.newbremenschools.org/Downloads/All Summer in a Day.pdf); Text to Text: “Life on Mars” and Ray Bradbury’s “All Summer in a Day” from The New York Times (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/learning/lesson-plans/text-to-text-life-on-mars-and-ray-bradburys-all-summer-in-a-day.html)
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​“The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” (1973) by Ursula K. Le Guin (Grades 8–12)

  • Description: In a seemingly utopian city, the happiness of inhabitants hinges on the perpetual suffering of a single child.
  • Resources: “Exploring Ethics in Literature: ‘The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas’” from PBS Learning Media (https://gpb.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/uklg19-ela-ethics-video/ursula-le-guin/) Note: Original article had a link that did not work anymore, so I substituted this resource. 
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The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street (graphic novel) by Rod Sterling (Grades 6–8)

  • Description: Residents of a suburban street turn on each other when strange occurrences occur that make them think aliens are invading.
  • Resources: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street Learning Menu and Lesson Plan (Katie Phthisic, 7th grade)
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Everything is Political 

In my class today, on September 8, 2025, after we reviewed headlines and discussed how we might facilitate conversations about these topics in our classrooms, a number of my preservice teachers asked how they could possibly talk about global and national events in their classrooms, like the war on Gaza or mass arrests by ICE, when they were told they couldn’t discuss anything political.  
Well, first I had something to say about what’s considered political. I asked my preservice teachers what topics were considered too political and which weren’t. According to my preservice teachers, Palestine was too political. Reading a novel with a gay character was too political. ICE raids and immigrant detention centers were too political. 
“Do you see what’s happening?” I queried. “The stories and struggles of marginalized people are being cast as ‘too political.’ Why isn’t a YA novel focused on a heterosexual love story considered too political? Why isn’t the settler colonial theft of land documented in Little House on the Prairie too political?” These stories reinforce a status quo of heterosexuality and American exceptionalism, a status quo that is often portrayed as apolitical and “just the way things are.”
Melanie Shoffner recently published an editorial on the theme of teacher education being a political act. She wrote: 
Education is political, despite all the maddening arguments I’ve had to the contrary. You cannot “leave politics out of the classroom” or “focus on your job and leave that stuff to the parents” or “agree that we all have different viewpoints here but there’s no need to make it political.” The political creates the classrooms we inhabit—from what we can and can’t teach (e.g., Ahmed, 2022; Bagley et al., 2023) to what we can and can’t do (e.g., Fadel et al., 2025; Sczerzenie, 2024)--and soon, perhaps, whether education will still exist as a public right for all (e.g., Walker, 2025; The White House, 2025). (Shoffner, 2025, pp. 89-90)
What is deemed too political are stories and movements that seek to address unequal power relations. The stories and struggles of marginalized peoples are what is often deemed too political by those in power—or those seeking to not anger those in power. 

Considering Risks and Responsibility

But let’s think about the very real possibility of retribution from those in power for daring to speak about supposedly “too political” topics. For educators in states with so-called “anti-woke” laws or “divisive concepts” laws, like mine, how might we navigate concerns about surveillance, job security, and doxxing? I have returned again and again to Mica Pollock and colleagues’ (2020) article on backup for equity-centered teaching. And after discussing the term “political” with my preservice teachers, I shared Pollock and colleagues’ five strategies for ensuring teachers have backup for critical teaching—teaching that may be cast as political. I have written about forms of backup in an article with my colleague Anthony Downer, and below is a table we included that describes the different forms of backup:

Forms of Backup                                                                                            

Form                                                 Example(s)
Stealth                                              Providing diverse books in a classroom library
Subspace                                          Facilitating after school clubs, affinity groups, and book clubs
Student-led                                       Letting students initiate conversations and actions
School leader                                   Having administrator support and/or district leader support
System                                               Joining unions, PTAs, and professional organizations
Creative Reappropriation               Using “anti-CRT” policies as justification for critical teaching

(Downer & Behizadeh, 2024, p. 229)
The first five forms of backup come from Pollock and colleagues (2020) article, while the last one Anthony and I developed to represent how teachers can use language of nondiscrimination embedded in divisive concepts laws and other legislation seeking to censor and restrict teachers, and leverage that very same language to support critical teaching. In another recent publication, I worked with a subcommittee and the NCTE Executive Committee (of which I was then a member) to produce the “NCTE Position Statement on Supporting Teachers and Students in Discussing Complex Topics” (NCTE, 2024). I wanted this NCTE statement to exist in part so educators could use it as system backup when seeking to engage in critical teaching that included discussing difficult, complex topics. One of my favorite lines in the statement is this one: “As a professional organization with over 100 years of experience generating scholarship and supporting ELA teachers, NCTE unequivocally states that discussing complex topics is essential for students’ personal sense-making, civic engagement, and academic achievement.” (para 4). This provides a warrant for teachers to engage in difficult discussions, a warrant that is backed by the research cited in this statement. 
Importantly, in my conversation with my preservice teachers, I was completely honest with them that even when they had backup for critical teaching, it would still come with risks, particularly in Georgia. Anthony Downer and I concluded our 2024 piece with this note on considering reasonable risks: 
The house is on fire and we must act immediately. The current situation is not tenable for students, teachers, or teacher educators. We know that taking action comes with risk. But there are times that call for making a choice between what is ethical and what is legal. When Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus, she was breaking a law, yet she was doing what was right. Our first concern is the welfare of our students. We cannot engage in curricular violence against students. Our country has a long tradition of civil disobedience, and for those who are willing and able, this is a moment where we are called upon to make the moral and ethical choice.  (Downer & Behizadeh, 2024, p. 232) 
As we encounter unjust wars, environmental crises, political polarization, and rising inequities, dystopian stories can help us process these realities while imagining ways to act ethically and courageously. Teaching these texts is not just about literature; it is about nurturing criticality, empathy, and hope. I do believe a better world is possible—and I still believe in the power of good to triumph over oppression, greed, and ignorance. Yet for this better world to be realized, we need critical and educated peoples who can be a witness to injustice and then have the vision and collective power to make changes happen. 

References

References
Amnesty International (2024, December 5). Israel/Occupied Palestinian territory: ‘You feel
like you are subhuman’: Israel’s genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/
​

Apple, M. W., & Au, W. (2009). Politics, theory, and reality in critical pedagogy. In R. Cowen &
A. M. Kazamias (Eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education (pp. 991–
1007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6403-6

Behizadeh, N. (2025). Teaching dystopias during difficult times to build criticality. Voices
from the Middle, 32(2), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.58680/vm202432226

Behizadeh, N., Low, D., & Kim, J. (in press). Breaking the silence: Using critical literacy
to discuss Palestine and Israel. English Education, 57(4).

Bruce, H.B. (2013). Subversive acts of revision: Writing and justice. English Journal, 102(6),
31-39.

Democracy Now!. (2025, September 8). Headlines. Democracy Now!
https://www.democracynow.org/2025/9/8/headlines
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Downer, A., & Behizadeh, N. (2024). In defense of a critical education. Social Education 88(4),
228-233

Freire, P. (1970/2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). Continuum. (Original
work published (1970).

Human Rights Watch (2025, July 21). “You feel like your life is over”: Abusive practices at
three Florida immigration detention centers since January 2025. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2025/07/21/you-feel-like-your-life-is-over/abusive-practices-at-three-florida-immigration
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International Genocide Scholars Association (2025, July 25). IAGS Resolution on the Situation
in Gaza. International Genocide Scholars Association. https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IAGS-Resolution-on-Gaza-FINAL.pdf

Lowry, L. (1993). The Giver. Clarion Books.

Muhammad G. (2023) On criticality. Voices from the Middle, 30(4), 12–14.
https://doi.org/10.58680/vm202332565

NCTE (2024, September 12). Position statement on supporting teachers and students in
discussing complex topics. https://ncte.org/statement/position-statement-on-supporting-teachers-and-students-in-discussing-complex-topics/
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NCTE/IRA. (2016). Dystopias: Definitions and characteristics. ReadWriteThink.org
https://www.readwritethink.org/sites/default/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson926/DefinitionCharacteristics.pdf   
 
PBS News (2025, September 4). Palestinian death toll in Gaza passes 64,000 officials say after
ceasefire talks break down. PBS News.
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Pollock, M., Kendall, R., Reece, E., Lopez, D., and Yoshisato, M.  (2022). Keeping the freedom
to include: Teachers navigating ‘pushback’ and marshalling ‘backup’ to keep inclusion on the agenda. Journal of Leadership, Equity, and Research 8(1) 87-114.

Rhym, R., & Butler, D. (2022). HB 1084: Protect Students First Act. Georgia State University
Law Review, 39(1), 1-26. https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/gsulr/vol39/iss1/7

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Education, 57(2), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.58680/ee202557288

The White House (2025, January 20). Ending radical and wasteful government DEI programs
and preferencing. The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/ending-radical-and-wasteful-government-dei-programs-and-preferencing/

York, L., Kabani, S., Rabalais, C. B., Baker, M., Shiloh, M., Ervin, N., Murdock, M.,
Woodbridge, K., Douglas, A., & Behizadeh, N. (2024). Fear, hesitation, and resistance: Georgia educators’ responses to censorship legislation. Educational Policy Analysis Archives, 32(61). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.32.8339


The Texts We Select (and Why We Love Them)

9/10/2025

 
I love posts like this one. It is nice to get a glimpse into what our preservice teachers are doing and thinking about. Melanie Shoffner take some time during the beginning of a school year to share what she and her preservice teachers like about YA literature. 

It makes me long for a classroom full of preservice teacher in a methods class or a YA literature class. It is always exciting to take the measure of your new students and find out what they know and what expect to learn.

Meet Our Contributors

​Ellie Fisher is a senior at James Madison University studying secondary education and English. After graduation, she plans to teach high school ELA and share her love for literature and learning with students. 
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Emma Johnson holds a BA in English from James Madison University, where she is currently pursuing a Master of Arts in Teaching. She plans to teach high school English upon graduation. She is passionate about bringing new stories into the ELA classroom and moving beyond the traditional canon. A lifelong reader of YA literature, she is particularly interested in how contemporary texts can spark critical conversations among students.
Haley Smiley is a graduate student in James Madison University’s Master’s in Arts of Teaching program. She earned her bachelor’s degree in December 2024, majoring in English with minors in secondary education and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). After graduation, she plans to teach ELA in Virginia. Her work can be found in Virginia English Journal and The Ohio Journal of Mathematics.
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Melanie Shoffner is a professor of English education at James Madison University, where she regularly teaches secondary ELA methods, curriculum theory, and English literature - all of which include YA lit. She is the editor of English Education and a former Fulbright Scholar to Romania. Recent articles have appeared in The Educational Forum, Reflective Practice, and Ubiquity: The Journal of Language, Literacy, and the Arts.

The Texts We Select (and Why We Love Them) by Melanie Shoffner, Ellie Fisher, Emma Johnson, and Haley Smiley

This semester, in my high school ELA methods course, preservice teachers read and discussed the 2025 NCTE report The State of Literature Use in US Secondary English Classrooms. I was particularly interested in using the report’s presentation of teacher autonomy to launch our discussion of text selection. How much freedom do teachers have to select literature for their classroom? Why do teachers choose the texts they do? What texts do they not choose? What reasons do they give? These are questions I want my preservice teachers to wrestle with well before they enter their own classrooms because understanding our own interests, likes, dislikes, and discomforts is an incredibly important element of teacher development.
On a serendipitously related note, I recently asked some of my preservice teachers what work of YA they would love to teach—not enjoy, not like, love. Below are three of their responses, which provide an interesting companion to the NCTE report. Diverse literature? Check. Modern texts? Check. Teacher interest? Check. Student connection? Check. Preservice teachers who are ready to engage adolescents with some texts they just might love? Check, check, and check.
 
Chae, K., & Ginsberg, R. (2025) The state of literature use in US secondary English classrooms. National Council of Teachers of English. https://ncte.org/literature-use-in-secondary-english-classrooms  

Magical Realism: The Astonshing Color of After

The Astonishing Color of After by Emily X. R. Pan is an emotional, captivating coming-of-age tale following teenager Leigh in the wake of her mother’s death. Leigh, the biracial child of a Taiwanese mother and a white American father, believes her mother has returned in the form of an enchanted red bird, leaving hints and stories that will lead her to family truths. This magical element—a nod to Asian storytelling traditions—connects with Leigh’s cultural identity and adds depth to the already vibrant narrative: Leigh has synesthesia, so color is an additional lens on her perception of the world. Her mixed heritage shapes how she processes grief, her relationships with friends and family, and the secrets she uncovers about her mother.
In the classroom, The Astonishing Color of After offers representation of a minority group not present in commonly taught texts, exposing students to both language and culture of that group. Pan’s novel follows the familiar arc of coming-of-age and determining identity but from a fresh perspective intertwining grief and intersectionality rather than centering traditional or intolerant undertones. Readers discover this culture alongside the protagonist as she meets the maternal side of her family for the first time; some readers may also learn about Taiwanese culture for the first time. Elements of fantasy make the story exciting and accessible, while the exploration of mental health, identity, and cultural belonging encourages important conversations. Pan’s novel provides an eye-opening and imaginative entrance into storytelling and character growth that is not only an interesting read but also one that will open the classroom floor for insightful discussions.
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Mystery: The Box in the Woods

Maureen Johnson’s YA novel The Box in the Woods is not a typical murder mystery. It follows teenager Stevie Bell as she tries to solve a decades-old murder at Camp Wonder Falls. While the novel has elements of typical mysteries, it also mixes in contemporary issues about media, privilege, and memory.
What makes The Box in the Woods work in the ELA classroom is Johnson’s work of narrative structure. It is told in the present day with flashbacks to the murders, moving from the modern-day to the 1970s. This allows students to analyze how different voices and timelines create suspense and shape the reader’s interpretation as the story unfolds. Johnson’s balance of honor to and satire of the “slasher” trope allows teachers to move from discussions of narrative structure to ones of intertextuality and conventions of genre. The novel is also not afraid to explore deeper themes. The Box in the Woods asks questions of loyalty, morality, and which stories get told and remembered. The characters must deal with these very topics as well as with how much secrets can weigh on a person.
 
Through a combination of suspense and rich layering, The Box in the Woods is rife with analytical depth that makes it a strong candidate for the high school ELA classroom.
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Music and Lyrics: Taylor Swift

​Incorporating Taylor Swift’s lyrics into the young adult literary canon—as a poet and a songwriter—offers students an accessible and contemporary entry point into literary analysis. Swift’s songwriting is rich with narrative techniques, symbolism, and themes that parallel those found in traditional literature. Her lyrics frequently explore identity, self-discovery, heartbreak, resilience, and empowerment–all topics that resonate with adolescent readers. Songs like All Too Well demonstrate narrative progression, detailed imagery, and emotional depth comparable to the storytelling we identify in Samuel Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” a poem on which Swift based her song The Albatross. In a similar vein, The Archer and Mirrorball highlight introspection and metaphor in ways that echo Greek mythology or Emily Dickinson’s poem “I’m Nobody! Who are you?”
Swift’s work also encourages critical discussions about voice and authorship. As a female artist who inhabits multiple facets of the public eye, her lyrics invite analysis of gender, media representation, and cultural influence, giving students the opportunity to connect literature to the real-world contexts of social media and the liminal space of adolescence. I include her work in the literary canon because it validates the texts adolescents already consume while demonstrating that literature is not limited to novels and poetry collections but extends into songs, music videos, and even world tours. By engaging with Swift’s lyrics, students can refine analytical skills, recognize literary devices in places like mainstream media, and see themselves reflected in the stories they study (Bishops, 1990). This makes the canon more inclusive, dynamic, and relevant to adolescent readers.
 
Bishop, R. S. (1990). Mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors. Perspectives: Choosing and using books for the classroom, 6(3), ix-xi.
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Take a look at some of the work Dr. Shoffner has produced.

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Teaching Hamilton and Other Historical Fiction in the K12 Classroom

9/3/2025

 

Meet our Contributor

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Margaret A. Robbins has a PhD in Language and Literacy Education from The University of Georgia. She is a Teacher-Scholar at The Mount Vernon School in Atlanta, Georgia. She has peer-reviewed journal articles published in The ALAN Review, SIGNAL Journal, Gifted Child Today, Social Studies Research and Practice, and The Qualitative Report. She recently co-edited a special issue of English Journal. Her research interests include comics, Young Adult literature, fandom, critical pedagogy, and writing instruction. 

Teaching Hamilton and Other Historical Fiction in the K12 Classroom by Margaret A. Robbins

“Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” ― George Santayana
If you are a fan of the theater, the first full weekend of June was an emotional one. CNN made history by streaming a Broadway performance live. Regardless of one’s politics, the Broadway play Good Night, Good Luck sparked important discussion about what we can do amid times of political polarization and what the ethics of journalism and reporting are. The next night, during the Tony Awards, the Hamilton cast reunited for an emotional mix-tape performance that wowed viewers. I had the gift of seeing Hamilton during the Summer of 2016 with most of the original cast, so it was amazing for me to see them all together again. I plan to spend this year’s July 4th season re-watching this favorite musical of mine. 
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As a Humanities scholar born in the early 1980s, I believe this is the most polarized our country has been in my lifetime. It has been hard for me, at times, not to feel in total despair about the situation and wonder if there’s anything I can do to help. What I’ve decided is that I can control what and how I teach my students. I do not wish to indoctrinate my students and do not believe that it is my ethical responsibility. I do, however, think it’s my responsibility to teach all aspects of history in my Humanities (a blend of ELA and History) course, even the parts of American history that are not as pleasant. Historical fiction is an effective avenue in which to do that, particularly when I teach Colonial History and Early Immigration History. With that in mind, I offer a few suggestions below that I believe can work for 6-12th graders through undergraduate students, with, of course, some age-appropriate scaffolding. 
My favorite historical fiction text that I have taught for several years is Hamilton. This piece can work well with Colonial History or Immigration, either one, depending on your chronological curriculum mapping and/or thematic connections. I usually teach the first two Cabinet Battles of the musical. My students and I use these Cabinet Battle songs to better understand the formation of the American government. Additionally, we discuss the rhetorical triangle persuasive techniques of ethos, pathos, and logos, and how they are present in the songs’ arguments. I have them write about real-life examples of how to use persuasive techniques, such as how to convince your parents to let you go on a school trip if they, hypothetically, were on the fence about it. For younger students, “clean” versions of the lyrics are available online. I will usually play the songs twice (or once at a slowed-down pace) and have students follow along with the lyrics as we listen. An “ethos/pathos/logos” graphic organizer is a helpful notetaking tool. For some students, comprehension questions about the songs may be helpful. Depending on how time goes, I sometimes have them write a poem or letter in which they take a persuasive stance on a chosen topic of their interest. I provide them with age-appropriate options, such as school uniforms and student meal menus. 
Some years, I have also done “Cabinet Battle 3” from the Hamilton Mixtape with the students. This cabinet battle is one to approach with care, as Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and Washington discuss what to do about the issue of slavery post-Revolutionary War. The topic is difficult, but when handled right, the cabinet battle can be an important example of why politicians make misguided decisions and also of the complexity of our Founding Fathers, some of whom claimed to believe slavery was evil, but still owned slaves. It also shows Alexander Hamilton’s courage to be an upstander when some very powerful men did not agree with him. However, Hamilton’s real-life views on slavery were more complicated and nuanced than the song suggests. He was involved with organizations that worked to gradually end slavery, yet he also assisted people with transactions involved with slavery and benefited from the institution. I believe that the song is worth studying, while also acknowledging that Hamilton, not unlike other Founding Fathers, was a complicated person whose actions did not always line up with his words. 
In addition to these aforementioned Hamilton-inspired works, I have shown the “Immigrants: We Get the Job Done” Hamilton Mix-Tape video to some groups of students. It does an excellent job of showing some of the modern-day struggles of immigrants. While it focuses on immigrants to the US, some of the issues are universal. It can be a useful exercise to show this video while studying early immigration and allowing the students to draw comparisons and contrasts to the immigration challenges of the early US immigration years, roughly 1890 to 1915.   

Chains  -- Laurie Halse Anderson

​To continue the conversation about colonial America and how slavery affected it, Chains by Laurie Halse Anderson is a novel that my students have enjoyed and also learned from. There are readers who have questioned Halse Anderson writing the novel as a white woman. However, as is typical of Halse Anderson, she did a lot of research and took a lot of care when writing the book. The authorship issue is one that, depending on the context of your class, should probably be addressed, though, to give a fair voice to multiple perspectives. Candidly, the fact that the novel was written by a white woman from the voice of a Black adolescent protagonist gave me pause at first. However, once I read the novel and saw how beautifully done it was, I felt that it would work in my school context, an independent K12 school. It is important, though, to prepare students for some of the language of the book (which includes Negro, but not the vile N word) and also for a harsh scene where Isabel gets branded. We involved our IDEA (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Action) coordinators in conversations about teaching the novel responsibly, and they also did a talk with our students about the evolution of language use in the United States.  
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The novel tells the story of Isabel and Ruth, two sisters who serve a Tory household as slaves in New York during the American Revolutionary War. Mrs. Lockton, the mistress of the house, is very cruel and manipulative, and my students have been appalled by her unkindness to Isabel and Ruth. Mr. Lockton, her husband, is a more complex character, and his actions are often ones that show moral ambiguity, if not cruelty. The novel shows fascinating history about New York during the American Revolution, and also can help students to better understand how “fence sitters” and Loyalists experienced this time period, in addition to the Patriots. Additionally, the figurative language of the novel is beautiful and shows excellent examples of narrative writing. Most importantly, the book helps students to build empathy for people who had to endure American slavery and also women of different races and socioeconomic stations who had to endure mistreatment with very few resources of support. The book’s primary intended audience is middle school-aged students (roughly 9-13-year-olds), but it could also be appreciated by high school students. 

Uprising  --  Margaret Peterson Haddix

Another tangentially related historical fiction novel is Uprising by Margaret Peterson Haddix. Transparently, my G7 students have had different levels of engagement and reception with the novel during both academic years that I taught the book. Some have loved it, while some students told me they did not find it as engaging as Chains, in part because of its length. However, I believe it would be perfect for high school students, particularly younger high school students, and for some G8 classes. 
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Uprising tells the story of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, a real-life historical event that took place on March 25, 1911. Many of the employees were very young immigrant women, and unfortunately, 146 employees passed away. The history of the fire is important because it led to reform in workers’ rights and safety measures. I highly recommend teaching historical essays about the topic, whether or not you can teach the book. 
The novel Uprising has three narrative voices, all of whom are teenage girls: Bella, a “fresh off the boat” immigrant from Italy; Yetta, a Russian immigrant who has been in the country long enough to learn some English; and Jane, a well-off older teenage girl who has developed an interest in the Suffrage movement and who wants to go to college like some of her friends at Vassar, but her father will not allow it because he does not think education is useful to women. The three young women form an unlikely alliance due to various circumstances surrounding the Shirtwaist Factory Strikes, and all three become advocates for the labor reform movement and the Suffrage movement. Therefore, the novel relates well to the US history of the progressive era and early immigration history. 
As an experienced Humanities educator, writer, and scholar, I have both the blessing and the curse of seeing what the worst-case scenario could be, both in classroom scenarios and in the progression of current events. While I cannot control the outcome of historical and current events, I can expose students to our country’s history. Learning history doesn’t always prevent people from repeating it, but it at least gives the next generation a fighting chance of not doing so. Plus, well-written literature can bring light to dark places. 
“I wish none of this had happened…So do all who live to see such times, but that is not for them to decide. All you have to decide is what to do with the time that is given to you.” –JRR Tolkien

Conversations in a YA Classroom: Is ACOTAR porn and should we have rating systems on YA books?

8/27/2025

 
One of the great gifts of being an academic is working with PhD candidates who have great ideas and work hard to turn interesting ideas into dissertations. Even better is when you are asked to be part of a committee for a student at another university. 

Our next contributor was a PhD student at Arizona State University and a student of Jim Blasingame. We met at a NCTE Convention and a year or so later I got to sit on her commiittee. It was great, I was able to miss all of the paper work and day to day encouragement and just read a wonderful project. Now several years latter Mandy is a thriving assisstant professor at Utah Valley University.

Meet our Contributor: Mandy Luszeck

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Mandy teaches reading methods and Young Adult Literature at Utah Valley University. Her research focuses on secondary teacher retention, Young Adult Literature, and multimodal literacy. She is dedicated to supporting teacher development and engaging adolescent readers through literature. You can reach her at [email protected]. ​

Conversations in a YA Classroom: Is ACOTAR porn and should we have rating systems on YA books? by Mandy Luseck

My final unit for my Young Adult Literature course at Utah Valley University is on book censorship; a topic that is both timely and contentious, especially in the state of Utah. For this unit, I begin by having students take a poll on their phones or computers using polleverywhere.com, where they respond to the statement: 'There is never a reason to ban books in schools,' by choosing a position from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).This certainly gets the students talking. Many students tend to be more on the neutral to agree end, but I always have a few outliers which contributes to a dynamic initial discussion.
​I then flash a local news article from 2023 on the projector with the headline, “Utah author’s children’s book about a kitten is being pulled from school libraries over claims it is ‘sexually suggestive’” (Cortez). I say to my students, “Maybe some books are just inappropriate for young readers and should be removed.” I show them the cover of Itty Bitty Kitty-Corn (2021) by Shannon Hale and illustrated by LeUyen Pham and read the picturebook aloud, which follows the story of Kitty who really wants to be a unicorn, but is mocked by those around her. She then meets Unicorn, who longs to be a kitty. Unicorn reveals to Kitty: “Did you know…that I am a Kitty-corn?” Kitty responds, “Yes, I see that now, you are a Kitty-corn. You are a fuzzy, fury, adorable, Kitty-corn.” To which Unicorn replies with the best line from the book, “I knew that another Kitty-corn like you would see.”
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​Half my class sighs, the other half looks a bit teary-eyed, and I nod my head, “yes, these books are just too inappropriate for kids to read.”

Leading with Questions, Not Answers (Mostly)

​As a university professor in a largely conservative state but in a fairly progressive-leaning humanities college, I strive to lead these discussions through inquiry rather than imposition. Though, if I’m completely honest, the clandestine navigation against censorship and legal bans and towards trusting teachers and librarians is present.
​As John Green states, “I don’t think it should be up to me whether Looking for Alaska, or actually any book is in a school or a library, because I’m not a teacher or a librarian, the highly trained, criminally underpaid professionals we’ve employed to make those decisions” (2016, 2:07).
We continue the unit with definitions on bans vs. challenges, censorship vs. soft censorship and so on. Students are also asked to read, listen, and watch a variety of content which includes:

  • An Open Letter to Parents Who Wish to Ban My Books from School Libraries by Bill Konigberg (2022)
  • The NPR Podcast- When Schools Ban Books by 1A (2021)
  • The PBS video- History of Book Bans (2020)
  • The Washington Post article - The Rise in Book Bans, Explained by Angela Haupt (2022)
  • The ALA website featuring Banned Books Week- https://www.ala.org/bbooks/banned
  • John Green’s video “On Banning Looking for Alaska” (2016)
  • Trevor Noah’s The Daily Show video “America’s Book Bans: The Latest Culture War Front”(2022)
  • And a deep dive into the Utah State Board of Education’s website detailing how books become “removed” from Utah schools-Sensitive Materials Flow Chart and Definitions

“Wait… Are We Talking About Porn?"
​During our second class session in the unit, we walked through the official Utah School Board process for reviewing and potentially removing “sensitive materials.” Students were surprised to learn how vague the guidelines can be—and how many books have already been pulled from school shelves (currently 18), including works from authors like Ellen Hopkins, Toni Morrison, Judy Blume, and-- notably taking up five spots-- Sarah J. Maas. 
That’s when one student raised his hand and declared: “Well…pornography should be banned from schools.”
I hadn’t realized we were talking about pornography, but I let him continue. His argument was that porn is inherently bad and that the industry exploits those involved. I didn’t object, but I did ask him to elaborate: Who gets to define what counts as porn? Were we really seeing examples of pornography in the materials that had been challenged or removed from school shelves? And one thing I didn’t press him on—but have thought about since—is how his understandable concern about exploitation in the porn industry connects to the kinds of books being pulled. I’m not sure it does.
According to this student, ACOTAR (A Court of Thorns and Roses series by Sara J. Maas) was rightfully removed since it was clearly porn.
 
As someone who has read most of the ACOTAR books (I bowed out by book three once the romantic tension fizzled--because what’s the point?) my eyebrows raised. Was this porn? I certainly don’t consider it to be so-- romantasy, yes. Porn, no. 
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Another student jumped in to state: “Well, then you’d need to determine what defines porn vs. smut in literature.” Fair point. And once again: Even if a book contains sexual content—does that make it inappropriate for all teens? And does it justify legal removal? Furthermore, couldn’t we trust educators to assign and advertise the right material for students?

Phones, Filters, and Double Standards

Another student brought up the question, “What about teens who have phones? They have access to a slew of inappropriate material. If they want to find it, they will.”
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The first student responded, “Just because they can access inappropriate material doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try to shield them from it.”
​Which raises a real tension: Is the goal to shield students from content, or to help them navigate it critically? During our contemporary fiction and authenticity unit earlier in the semester, the students had read pieces from Laurie Halse Anderson and the Time’s article by Matt de La Pena (2018), “Why We Shouldn’t Shield Children From Darkness.” My students have already carefully discussed the importance of tough material to be accessible to young readers. But I guess when we talk about sexual content--and consensual sexual content for that matter-- that’s different?
​I brought up the point to my students that often, book bans target what’s trending. The real threat isn’t the content—it’s the popularity. These are the same books many mothers are reading secretly but don’t want their teenage daughters to read (my Bunco group, anyone?). We’ve seen it before: Fifty Shades of Grey was the target 14 years ago. The titles change, but the motivations don’t.
According to author Foz Meadows (2021), “it’s ultimately less about helping kids and teens than it is about helping adults to police them.” 

​The Ratings Debate

The same student continued: “At the very least, we should put ratings on books. We have ratings for movies, why don’t we have them on books?”
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This comment transported me back to standing in front of James Blasingame’s Young Adult Literature class at Arizona State University, as a new PhD student completing a graduate teaching internship in his course. At the beginning of class I had been asked to give the day’s “book talk.” As an ultra-conservative-university-raised academic, and, thinking I was being helpful, I offered a movie-style rating during my plot summary. At the time, I thought I was empowering students with information. Now, I cringe.
In response to the student, I acknowledged that while book ratings might seem like a good idea to many, numerous authors and literary scholars are strongly opposed to them. I asked my students why they thought that might be, and the general consensus was that ratings can oversimplify—and even stigmatize—complex works. Additionally, ratings can function as a form of soft censorship, leading parents, teachers, librarians, and others to avoid shelving certain books based on broad classifications that fail to reflect how sensitive topics and themes are actually presented.
At this point, I moved on with the day’s lesson plan-- but what I should have done is hopped on the classroom computer and done an AI search for a list of the pros and cons of book ratings. According to Chat GPT, pros and cons of adding ratings to YA Books can include the following:

Pros

  1. Informed Choices for Readers, Parents, and Educators
    Ratings help readers, caregivers, and teachers make decisions about what content is appropriate for different ages or maturity levels.
  2. Promotes Transparency
    Clear labels about themes (e.g., violence, drug use, sexual content) can foster trust and prevent surprises.
  3. Supports Sensitive Readers
    Some readers appreciate content warnings to avoid potentially triggering material (e.g., trauma, abuse, self-harm).
  4. Facilitates Curriculum Planning
    Teachers can more easily select texts aligned with learning goals, community standards, and school policies.
  5. Normalizes Difficult Topics
    Rather than banning or hiding controversial content, ratings can legitimize it as worthy of attention, just with some context.

Cons

  1. Risk of Censorship or Book Banning
    Ratings may lead schools, libraries, or parents to ban or remove books based on perceived "inappropriate" content, limiting access to diverse stories.
  2. Overgeneralization
    A rating system can’t capture the nuance of how a theme is handled—e.g., a book about assault that is ultimately empowering may still get flagged.
  3. Reinforces Moral Policing
    Some argue it positions adult authority over teen autonomy, assuming teens can’t handle complexity or choose wisely.
  4. May Stigmatize Certain Topics or Authors
    Books dealing with LGBTQ+ themes, racial injustice, or mental health are often disproportionately flagged, leading to biased restrictions.
  5. Can Be Misused Politically
    In highly politicized environments, ratings might be weaponized by advocacy groups to push ideological agendas

Conclusion: Trusting Teachers, Trusting Teens

Now that the semester has come to an end, I’ve continued to ruminate on that classroom conversation. That one comment—“Isn’t ACOTAR just porn?”—sparked a dynamic debate, not just about Sarah J. Maas, but about what we allow teens to read, who gets to decide, and how we define boundaries around literature. Should teens be shielded from sexual content, or taught to navigate it? Should books come with ratings to warn—or to restrict? And when we say a book is “too much,” are we protecting students, or policing their experiences?
These aren’t easy questions, and my goal isn’t to answer them for my students—but to create the conditions for them to grapple with these questions deeply and honestly. What continues to surprise me, even after years of teaching this unit, is how quickly the conversation shifts from hypotheticals to the deeply personal. Students talk about books that changed them, and like Kitty and Unicorn, helped them feel seen. They also recognize how easily those books might have been the ones challenged or pulled. I specifically had a student who mentioned it made her sad that the ACOTAR books were on the banned list, since those books got her through a really rough time when she was in high school. We never know which books will be the ones that students need. And it’s a shame if we block them from the ones they do. 
In a moment when book bans are escalating and trust in educators is under threat, I come back to what John Green reminded us: It’s not the job of politicians or external stakeholders to make these decisions. It’s the job of the trained professionals—teachers and librarians—who know the students, the community, and the curriculum. And maybe, more importantly, it's our job as educators to trust students. If the works they choose are perhaps too mature or even triggering for them, we teach them to be responsible and accountable readers, to know it’s okay to put a book down (or skip ahead). And we also trust them to engage with tough, complex, and meaningful literature—that they have the ability to ask questions, wrestle with ambiguity, and form their own conclusions.
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While I may have had moments of discomfort during an unexpected conversation on “porn” in my classroom, it’s exactly the kind of discussion I want my YA classroom to make space for.

References

 
Cortez, M. (2023, October 6). Book challenge to ‘Itty-Bitty Kitty-Corn’ halts new library books in Texas. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2023/10/6/23901523/book-challenge-itty-bitty-kitty-corn-shannon-hale/
de la Peña, M. (2018, January 9). Why we shouldn't shield children from darkness. Time. https://time.com/5093669/why-we-shouldnt-shield-children-from-darkness/
Green, John. (2016, April 12). On the banning of Looking for Alaska [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69rd-7vEF3s
Hale, S., & Pham, L. (2021). Itty bitty kitty-corn. Abrams Books for Young Readers.
Maas, S. J. (2015). A court of thorns and roses. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Meadows, F. (2021, September 16). YA book ratings? Here's why not. Shattersnipe: Malcontent & Rainbows. https://fozmeadows.wordpress.com/2021/09/16/ya-book-ratings-heres-why-not/

Teaching the MCU as Young Adult Literature by Morgan Shiver

8/20/2025

 
We have been on a bit of a hiatus. I took time off accompany my wife on the Camino de Santiago. Spain is wonderful. When you slow down the pace of your life, things move to the bottom of the "must do to do list."

​We are back this week with a new post by Morgan Shiver.

Meet our Guest Contributor: Morgan Shiver

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​Morgan Shiver is a PhD candidate in children’s literature at Western Michigan University, where she will graduate in Spring 2026. At WMU, she teaches a variety of children’s lit, YA lit, and writing courses in the English department along with teaching honors 11/12 English for the Academically Talented Youth Program. Her dissertation focuses on elderly representations and intergenerational relationships in children’s literature. Other research interests include teaching children’s/YA texts in the college classroom, teacher education, and children’s media and adaptation. When she’s not hunched over her dissertation, she’s most likely playing pickle ball, baking, or taking long walks with her five-year-old shih tzu mix, Gus.

Teaching the MCU as Young Adult Literature ​

Did you know that Iron Man was chosen as the focal character for the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) because of feedback from a test group of children? Or that nearly 50% of audience members for Marvel’s highest-ever grossing film, Avengers: Endgame, were under the age of 25?
Although the majority of Marvel’s characters are adults, young people make up most of the MCU’s audience and influence many of the franchise’s creative and business decisions. From the comics that started the brand through its present-day blockbuster films, Marvel’s stories cater to a young adult audience. This, in my opinion, opens room for the films of the MCU to be considered young adult literature (YAL). Considering films as literature has ample educational value for both students and teachers, a fact that NCTE has repeatedly explored and organizations like Teach with Movies have long advocated for. In being considered YAL, the MCU films can provide insights into the young adult experience and audience. Over a year ago, as I recognized Marvel’s connection to young adults, I wondered: If we approach Marvel movies as YAL, what can we learn about how young people both influence and are influenced by popular culture? This was the premise of my college-level Youth Literature and Culture course, which I decided to focus on the MCU’s most popular era, from Iron Man (2008) to Avengers: Endgame (2019). 
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​Below, I detail some of the methods, projects, and activities my students and I utilized as we approached the MCU films as YAL. Considering the films as works of literature, my students refined and developed the same critical thinking and analysis skills required in any literature class, but, by specifically focusing on the films as YAL, they were also able to inquire about how popular culture and stories construct and engage with what it means to be a young adult. 

Critical Thinking and Analysis Skills

​Because we were approaching the Marvel films as literature, my students were able to practice close reading skills as we made our way through the semester. We began by identifying common themes and discussing character development. These conversations led us to more advanced analysis, recognizing things like symbols and allegories within the MCU’s stories. In our discussion of the film Avengers: Infinity War (2018), for example, students had an extended conversation about how mega-villain Thanos’ switch blade, which he gives to his adopted daughter Gamora, serves as a representation of toxic relationships and a physical symbol of the cycle of abuse. My students, many of whom readily admitted they didn’t think of films as literature at the start of the semester, were able to have advanced-level critical conversations about the stories we encountered in the MCU. I found that discussions with this group of students, who represented a wide range of majors that were taking the class for general education credit, could rival discussions I’ve had with English majors in upper-level literature courses. 
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The use of films in literature classrooms is also an excellent way to develop students’ visual literacy skills, something that educator Diana Minor establishes as critical for students in the 21st century, explaining that the analysis of visual messages “encourages student reflection, analysis, and evaluative thinking skills.” As we approached the MCU films critically, students naturally connected some of the literary elements we discussed to visual details on screen. When the Avengers begin to clash amongst themselves in the first Avengers film, there is a scene where, as the heroes argue, the camera begins to tilt until the Avengers appear upside down. In class, I brought my students’ attention to this scene, and we discussed how the camera angles and movement enhanced the tone of story. Later, when we watched Black Panther (2018), there is a shot in the film when Eric Killmonger, the films’ antagonist, assumes the throne of Wakanda. As he enters the throne room, the camera shot starts completely upside down, rotating 180 degrees before he takes his seat. This time, I didn’t have to point out the visual details in the scene, and my students readily connected the images in this moment to some of the larger themes and conflicts in the film. As my students honed more traditional close-reading skills while watching the Marvel movies, they also developed their visual literacy. 
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With each film we watched, we took the time to consider how the story characterized or engaged with the concept of youth, as we would with any YAL. Interestingly, these conversations led to my students noticing a pattern of parallels between MCU heroes and the typical YA protagonist. Although many of the MCU’s heroes are adults, they tend to have teen-like interests and characteristics. Loki and Thor struggle with their brotherly dynamic; Tony Stark is often reprimanded for being impulsive or not thinking through the consequences of his actions; Hulk struggles to manage his anger. Nearly all of the heroes grapple with questions of identity and responsibility, calling back to the question that Roberta Seelinger Trites identifies as being at the center of young adult literature: “Do I dare disturb the universe?” Not to mention, all of the heroes are singled out as “chosen ones” and take it upon themselves to save the world, a trope that is much more prominent in YAL than adult literature (Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, Percy Jackson, Zélie Adebola, the list goes on...). The correlations between the MCU and the young adult genre make a strong case for not just considering Marvel films as literature, but as YAL, specifically. 

The Superhero’s Journey

As modern-day epics, Marvel films lend themselves especially well to investigations of narrative forms and devices that stem from canonical works like The Odyssey or Beowulf. The patterns that we’ve come to recognize from these classic tales are ones that are often replicated in the YA genre today and can equally be applied to the heroes of the MCU. For example, at the end of the semester, I asked my students to consider how Campbell’s Hero’s Journey framework applied to Captain America and Iron Man’s character arcs over all of the movies we’d watched that semester. Purposefully, I centered our assigned watchlist on these two characters, beginning with their origins in Iron Man (2008) and Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) and ending with (spoiler!) Iron Man’s death and Captain America’s effective retirement in Avenger’s Endgame. 
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First, I gave a mini lecture on the formal stages of the Hero’s Journey (here is a helpful video that works well to break down the stages). Then, in small groups, students attributed specific moments from Iron Man and Captain America’s narratives to the different stages of Campbell’s Hero’s Journey. Students identified the two heroes’ mentors: Yinsin, a scientist held captive in Afghanistan for Iron Man, and Dr. Erskine, also a scientist, for Captain America. Captain America’s selection to receive super serum and Iron Man’s escape from captivity were identified as the heroes’ calls to action. Thanos, the ultimate villain, was chosen as the heroes’ supreme ordeal. This activity has the potential to be done with a single film––they all have fairly conclusive arcs––but, armed with the ten films we’d watched over the course of the semester, students had plenty of content to draw from as they used Campbell’s framework. 
After each group of students had effectively mapped out their Hero’s Journey, I asked my students to make an amendment to their lists: add one extra stage to Campbell’s framework to make this a Superhero’s Journey. Groups added things like “inspiring death” (both heroes’ initial mentors die, something that changes and motivates the men) and “choosing service over love” (both heroes make sacrifices in personal relationships as they become heroes) to their lists. By applying and then amending Campbell’s framework, students not only engaged with a long-standing formal narrative device, but they also took their critical thinking one step further by reflecting on the films they’d watched and considering how the classic Hero’s Journey might have evolved in contemporary superhero tales. 

Real-World Connections

Because of Marvel films’ massive popularity, my students and I were able to take a deep dive into the franchise’s connections to the real-world. With our focus on YAL, we specifically investigated how the films, as a part of a bigger brand, target and engage with young people. To guide students along this line of inquiry, I created small projects called Exploration Activities that focused on the different ways that Marvel engages with young people in the real world. These projects allowed students to independently investigate the MCU’s marketing, messaging, and merchandising and collaboratively consider what these different facets of the franchise revealed about the way that Marvel understands young fans. 
As a class, we compiled everyone’s completed Exploration Activities and treated them as a case study of how the Marvel brand interacts with young consumers. Quickly, students noticed trends related to gender and race: Marvel seemed to explicitly target boys unless a female superhero was being featured, and many of the children/young adults featured on packaging were white, unless the merchandise was related to a franchise with a predominantly minority cast, like Black Panther. Soon, students began to consider what their findings revealed about the way young adults are perceived as consumers. Merchandise targeted toward young children––toys, coloring books, stuffed animals––supported imaginative play and creativity. For young kids, the merchandise was a source of inspiration for fun in their everyday lives. The merchandise that targeted young adults––hats, t-shirts, decor, and collectibles––functioned as ways for fans to express their interest in the brand. Compared to the merchandise intended for children, the young adult merchandise was more of a representation of a person’s identity than a vehicle for play and imagination. Insights about the differences in merchandise that correlated with these two age groups revealed a narrative about “growing up” that suggests adolescence marks a shift from imaginative engagement to identity performance. This is a belief often played out in the YA genre, as teens begin to form their independent identities and shed some of their childlike playfulness.  
For one of the Exploration Activities, students visited a local store to find a piece of Marvel merchandise that was targeting children or young adults. Once they’d located their merchandise, they took photos and made notes about the way the merchandise was presented, paying attention to details like shelf location, packaging, and presentation. Then, they wrote a short report about their piece of merchandise, speculating about what kind of messaging the merchandise was communicating, how it related to the larger Marvel brand, and how it actively appealed to child and young adult consumers. 
Making these real-world connections outside of the films themselves allowed my students to seriously consider how the Marvel brand, much like YA literature, participates in shaping and reflecting dominant ideas about what it means to be a young adult. In particular, completing the merchandise project made students more aware of how cultural narratives inform every aspect of our lives, from the fictional stories we enjoy to the merchandise that goes along with them.

Student Impact

I know it is a rare opportunity as an English instructor to teach a class centered entirely on films, especially one focused on a singular, popular entity such as the MCU, but I hope my experience serves as an example of how well films can work in a literary context. By treating the Marvel films as YAL, my students and I were able to engage in a level of critical thinking and inquiry that I believe is on par with that of a traditional literature course. To close, I’ve included a few comments from end-of-semester reflections written by my students, who seem to agree that films are a worthwhile inclusion in a literature classroom: 
  • “In terms of how this class will impact me in the future, this has increased my interest in the MCU, but I’ve also heightened my ability to notice imagery and analyze scenes on the first pass through”
  • “Another aspect of the class I really gained a lot from was learning how to pick apart major ideologies in a film. I enjoyed picking apart the films and finding a deeper meaning in them.”
  • “Going forward, I think I will view children’s media more critically and consider things that I would’ve never noticed prior to this class.”
  • “This class helped me reconnect with the love of English and the world of analysis”
  • “As a future teacher this class opened up my perspective to other worlds of literature. I have spent so much time trying to convince people to love reading, and didn't realize that we can get the same degree of depth in media that is more popular and digestible for young people.”

References

Minor, Diana. (2021, Jan. 17). Visual literacy is critical for 21st century learners. NCTE, https://ncte.org/blog/2021/01/visual-literacy-critical-21st-century-learners/
 
Trites, R. S. (2000). Disturbing the universe: power and repression in adolescent literature. University of Iowa Press.
 
Using film as a tool in the classroom. (2017, May 14). NCTE, https://ncte.org/blog/2017/05/using-movies-improve-visual-literacy/

Everything Old is New Again

7/9/2025

 
Meet Our Contributor: 
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Dr. Cindi Koudelka (@cmkoudelka) is a Curriculum Specialist with National Board Certification in Adolescent Young Adulthood/English Language Arts at Fieldcrest School District in Illinois and an Adjunct faculty member at Aurora University.  She holds multiple certifications from PreK - 12 and is an active member of several literacy and research organizations. Her research interests reflect her passion for youth advocacy by focusing on critical adolescent literacies, young adult literature, positioning, and youth participatory action research.

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Everything Old is New Again
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by Cindi Koudelka

As the current news cycle continues to highlight divisive conversations and human rights violations, I have been thinking a lot about how history seems to repeat itself in patterns of oppression, which lead to struggles and gains for reform, followed by setbacks and the need for continued activism against injustice. As this cycle repeats itself, authors of young adult novels help us understand how it has played out across the decades. There are several excellent historical fiction novels that explore the array of timelines and locations throughout the world, where people have struggled for the most basic human rights and respect.
The Prince & the Coyote by David Bowles
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What I love most about this story is that it is inspired by Mesoamerican history. Often, when we discuss historical fiction, it is limited to modern history. However, David Bowles’ Pura Belpré-winning book delves into the ancient culture that ultimately led to the formation of the Aztec Empire. Prince Acolmiztli is heir to the throne in a time of great unrest and warring people, including his own family. At just fifteen years old, his family is betrayed. He watches helplessly as his mother and siblings are killed and escapes into the woods with his father. However, that safety didn’t last long as his father was eventually cornered and also killed. The young prince escapes into exile, where he survives by pretending to be a commoner. While he spends years in exile, he embarks on numerous journeys and recounts his story through poetry. He vows revenge, plotting to reclaim his home, and he eventually emerges with new alliances and a new name, Nezahualcoyotl—Fasting Coyote. The book is gloriously illustrated by Amanda Mijangos, honoring the culture and art of the Aztecs, including maps and family trees. Together, Bowles and Mijangos weave a beautiful story that incorporates the renowned poetry of Nezahualcoyotl while capturing the grief and growth of the young boy in exquisite prose. Not only would this book be a brilliant resource in a mythology or traditional English course, but it would be a powerful tool for a world history class.

Rebellion 1776 by Laurie Halse Anderson
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Leaping forward a couple of centuries, comes Laurie Halse Anderson’s newest book. Set during the American Revolution, we meet Elsbeth Culpepper, a smallpox survivor who has relocated to Boston with her father after the rest of their family died from the disease. She is employed as a live-in maid for a Loyalist while her father lives in a boarding house and works as a sailmaker. As the Siege of Boston drives the Loyalists out and creates havoc in the city, her father goes missing, and another smallpox epidemic arrives. Like Anderson’s previous historical fiction work, Rebellion 1776  is steeped in well-researched information and dialogue that fully draws the reader into the timeframe. Even though we may not be in the middle of a war, many of the themes and conflicts she shares remind us that history repeats itself in both wartime and peace. The concept of vaccines, relatively new at the time, was a source of conflict between detractors and proponents. The misogyny Elsbeth faces throughout the book may have been more pronounced in 1776, but the fight for women’s rights and autonomy continues today. How the wealthy are treated as opposed to the poor, working class mirrors much of the same injustices in healthcare and opportunities that exist generations later.      
What is most powerful about this book is that it doesn’t sugarcoat the harshness of the time and critically examines the issues without being didactic. Even though Elsbeth is just 13, she has to navigate a complicated world without much support, so she must be clever and sometimes break her own moral codes to survive. Anderson has created beautifully nuanced characters who must examine what freedom means, what they are willing to do to survive, and decide who they can trust—questions many people face today.​

The Davenports  by Krystal Marquis
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Too often in reading historical fiction, the narrative surrounding people of color is either a slave story or a civil rights story. This narrative, instead, is inspired by the real-life story of C.R. Patterson and his family, who founded the first black-owned automobile manufacturer. This story focuses on the wealthy Davenport family in 1910s Chicago. Despite being one of the wealthiest families in the city, they still must contend with the racism and sexism of the time. Told through alternating viewpoints, we come to follow four main characters as they navigate life and the expectations that shape their choices. More romance than history, the book still paints a picture of pre-war Chicago and the role of intersectionality in identity. I appreciate the heavy focus on characterization, where the historical setting shapes the characters, but never feels like the challenges they face are limited strictly to the era. Through the romance and ambition of the girls, the reader comes to understand the challenges faced by young people growing up within any context that labels or limits them by gender, race, and/or class. I am not generally a fan of romance, but I absolutely appreciated the way Marquis blended love and ambition within a time period and setting not often explored.

For Lamb by Lesa Cline-Ransome 
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The next book takes us to the late 1930s/early 1940s in Jackson, Mississippi to witness the beauty and pain of a family living in the South under Jim Crow laws. Through alternating perspectives, we meet Marion, a closeted lesbian working to raise her vocal son, Simeon, and Lamb a shy, quiet girl whose naivete and friendship with a white girl sets off a series of events that endangers the family.  Ransome’s writing is brutally honest with some strong language, a sexual assualt, and lynchings, while simultaneously honoring the experiences of the characters. Her sensitivity in writing assures that the brutality is never exploitive or graphic. She deftly balances the ugly truth with the resilience of the people who face such hatred.  The strong, multidimensional characters demonstrate the reality of identities and the various motivations that drive people to act as they do. As we continue to deal with systemic racism today, Lamb’s story is a stark reminder of the intergenerational trauma and the work we must continue to do if we are ever going to heal and repair the wounds from our history. ​

The Blood Years by Elana K. Arnold
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There are many, many great Holocaust books, but this one stands out as it is set in Czernowitz, Romania—an area that was considered a safe haven for Jewish people. This setting adds another layer to the other Holocaust stories as a reminder about how far the hatred and antisemitism extended and how those deep wounds still impact people today. Based on her grandmother’s stories of growing up in war-torn Romania, Arnold shares the story of Rieke, her older sister Astra, their mother still reeling after the girls’ father left, and a very religious grandfather. As antisemitism spreads across Europe, their family faces increased threats and injustice as their grandfather’s business is vandalized and they are kicked out of public school. As war breaks out, the country is invaded first by the Russians and then by the Germans. Although there were no concentration camps, the experiences in Romania were equally as unjust. The girls lose their home and sent to a ghetto where Rieke faces health issues, a sexual assault, and her grandfather’s murder.
​Throughout these horrors, she continues to carry on, but how much can she take before they break her? Once again, readers witness the greatest depravities of humans, but yet are able to hold onto hope through the strength of the characters. 
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Under the Same Stars by Libba Bray
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Libba Bray is one of my favorite authors. I especially love how fresh each of her books are and yet maintain that Libba Bray touch. Her newest novel blends historical fiction, mystery, and realistic fiction with an intricate weaving of timelines that cross from Germany in the 1940s and 1980s to New York City in 2020 while the world is impacted by Covid. It reminds me a little of Pam Munoz Ryan’s Echo in which a harmonica tied the story together, but in this novel, it is a Bridegroom’s Oak tree and the story bounces between the three time periods. The tree’s legend is that if you write to the tree, the love of your life will write back. (The real-life tree that inspired this can be found in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany).But in a country ripped apart by war and later a wall, the tree holds a promise of so much more. Bray’s ability to authentically build the worlds across the time periods is particularly impressive. She has created three sets of characters facing different circumstances that are grounded in the same issues of friendship, hope, and resistance.
​As she builds connections across time and place, she proves that everything that is old is new again and we must continue fighting against hate and oppression to create a better world.

Resisting Erasure: Celebrating LGBTQ+ Legacies Through Nonfiction Books for Young Readers

6/27/2025

 
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Meet Our Contributor:


​Roy Edward Jackson is an assistant professor of education at Goshen College in Indiana with a focus on literacy. He holds degrees in English, Education and School Library Science.

Resisting Erasure: Celebrating LGBTQ+ Legacies Through
Nonfiction Books for Young Readers 
by 
Roy Edward Jackson

We are living in precarious times as LGBTQ+ people in 2025. Earlier this year, the Stonewall National Monument website removed two crucial letters representing our community. It now states that, “Before the 1960s, almost everything about living openly as a lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) person was illegal, but the events at the Stonewall Inn sparked fresh momentum for the LGB civil rights movement!” Despite the fact that queer and transgender individuals were central activists in the Stonewall uprising, their identities have been erased from this official governmental narrative. This erasure extends beyond symbolic language. Just this month, Harvey Milk’s name was stripped from the U.S. Navy ship USNS Harvey Milk — a move that disregards his legacy as both a Navy veteran and a pioneering LGBTQ+ civil rights leader. Meanwhile, the military’s transgender ban remains firmly in place, further marginalizing trans service members and reinforcing a pattern of exclusion. These actions reveal a troubling trend of erasing and undermining the full scope of the LGBTQ+ community’s history and contributions. In the face of these setbacks, it is more important than ever to resist, remember, and reclaim our rightful place in history and society. One way to do that is through books and education. I agree with the criticism that African American history is often confined to just February, when it should be fully integrated throughout all history education. Similarly, because Pride Month in June frequently falls outside the school year, LGBTQ+ history is often overlooked or excluded from educational settings. The following books, aimed at young readers, provide a valuable starting point to begin addressing this gap.

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A Queer History of the United States for Young People by Michael Bronski, adapted by Richie Chevat, offers a comprehensive and engaging examination of biographical narratives and historical sketches that begin long before the founding of the United States. While some entries feature well-known figures like Walt Whitman and Jane Addams, many will be new to readers of all ages, including trailblazers such as Gladys Bentley and Gloria Anzaldúa. The chapter on Harvey Milk thoughtfully contextualizes his activism by including the story of Robert Hillsborough’s murder in San Francisco around the same time. With its intersectional exploration of race, law, immigration, and gender alongside LGBTQ+ identities, this book is a powerful and essential tool for teaching and understanding queer history.

Gay America: Struggle for Equality by Linas Alsenas is a compelling nonfiction history book for young readers that traces the experiences of gay and lesbian Americans from the mid-1800s to the early 2000s. Organized chronologically, the book moves through key historical periods such as the Roaring Twenties, the McCarthy era, the rise of the gay rights movement, the AIDS crisis, and the push for marriage equality. Each chapter begins with a short, fictionalized scene that helps readers connect emotionally to the time period before shifting into a factual account. Rich with archival photographs and written in an accessible tone, the book offers a broad but thoughtful overview of the struggles and triumphs of LGBTQ+ individuals in many facets of American life from the arts, to military, and social activism for equal rights. While its focus is primarily on gay and lesbian history, it provides an important and engaging entry point into queer history for middle and high school audiences.
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The Book of Pride: LGBTQ Heroes Who Changed the World by Mason Funk takes a different approach than the previous two books. Instead of a chronological timeline of events and persons, Funk categorizes profiles of individuals by themes including integrity, disrupters, and survival. The seventy stories reflect a wide range of voices across race, gender, age, and geography, and are paired with striking black-and-white portraits. Drawn from the OUTWORDS Archive, the book features both well-known and overlooked figures who share their personal struggles, victories, and ongoing efforts for justice. It’s an inspiring tribute to the courage and resilience that continues to drive the LGBTQ+ movement forward.

With the Covid Pandemic still resonating in our lives today, The Other Pandemic: An AIDS Memoir by Lynn Curlee offers a deeply personal and powerful account of another pandemic, the AIDS crisis through the lens of his own experiences. Blending memoir with history, Curlee recounts the impact of the epidemic on individuals and communities, highlighting both the devastating losses and the resilience of those affected. The book weaves together stories of love, grief, activism, and hope, providing young readers with an accessible and emotional understanding of this pivotal chapter in LGBTQ+ history. With vivid storytelling and heartfelt reflection, The Other Pandemic serves as an important resource during Pride Month and beyond, helping readers connect with the human stories behind the statistics and appreciate the ongoing legacy of the AIDS epidemic. This message is especially urgent as government funding for AIDS research declines and the Secretary of Health has publicly questioned the link between HIV and AIDS.
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George M. Johnson, acclaimed author of All Boys Aren’t Blue, returns with another powerful book for young readers: Flamboyants: The Queer Harlem Renaissance I Wish I’d Known. This richly illustrated work offers a compelling exploration of the intersection of race and queerness, shedding light on the often-overlooked contributions of Black LGBTQ+ figures during the Harlem Renaissance. With stunning artwork by Charly Palmer, Johnson blends personal reflection and poetry with historical profiles of influential Black Americans—many of whom were not publicly out in their time. Through these narratives, Johnson reveals how each figure left behind a legacy and a roadmap for future queer artists. In doing so, the book helps fill critical gaps in our understanding of both Black and queer history.
As a sports player and fan, I was thrilled to find many books at my local library for young readers profiling LGBTQ+ athletes and the role that sports have long played on the frontline for equal rights in this country. LGBTQ+ Athletes Claim the Field: Striving for Equality by Kristin Cronn-Mills weaves together historical legal precedent and powerful personal narratives. She examines not only the individual struggles and triumphs of athletes but also the legal and societal forces that have shaped their experiences. From the financial fallout Billie Jean King faced in the early 1980s after being publicly outed, to the evolving public attitudes and legal battles surrounding transgender athletes, Cronn-Mills provides a nuanced view of the intersection between identity, sports, and justice. Through a mix of biography, legal history, and cultural analysis, the book highlights how LGBTQ+ athletes have challenged exclusion and discrimination while paving the way for greater inclusion on and off the field. It’s an essential read for understanding the ongoing fight for equality in the world of sports.
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Fair Play: How LGBT Athletes Are Claiming Their Rightful Place in Sports
 by Cyd Zeigler offers a nuanced and necessary portrait of queer athletes that challenges long-held stereotypes. Rather than focusing on the sports typically associated with LGBTQ+ representation, Zeigler highlights athletes competing at the highest levels of the NFL, WNBA, and MMA. What makes the book especially compelling is Zeigler’s decision to include not only the voices of the athletes themselves but also those of dissenting teammates and critics, providing a realistic picture of the ongoing struggle for acceptance. By avoiding overly simplistic narratives, Fair Play underscores that while progress has been made, the fight for true inclusion in sports is far from over.
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The collections featured in this post offer something urgently needed in this current era of erasure: the written and preserved history of LGBTQ+ Americans. Schools have long done a poor job of teaching this history, in part because Pride Month takes place in June—during summer break—when most classrooms are empty and curricula have ended. As a result, LGBTQ+ contributions are often sidelined or ignored entirely. At the same time, educational legislation in many states restricts how gender and sexuality can be discussed, and public libraries in some communities are facing backlash and funding cuts simply for shelving books like these in their YA sections. These works stand as acts of resistance, ensuring that queer voices, stories, and histories are not only remembered but made visible and accessible for the next generation.

Trusting Tiffany: Celebrating Books by the 2025 Margaret A. Edwards Award Recipient

6/18/2025

 
Meet Our Contributor: ​Julie Wasmund Hoffman 
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Dr. Julie Hoffman is an active member of NCTE and lifetime member of NAACP. She strives to be antiracist and anti-harm in all that she does. She is a Teacher Instructional Leader (TIL) with Springfield Public Schools and an adjunct professor at University of Illinois Springfield. She earned her Doctor of Education in literacy from Judson University in 2018 and currently serves as Past President of the Illinois Reading Council (IRC). Her passions and interests include equity, diversity, inclusivity, urban education, social and emotional learning, literacy, hope, and healing.  She believes that children’s and YA literature can be a message of perseverance and hope and believes that we thrive when we invest in ourselves and others.
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​Dr. Julie Hoffman

Trusting Tiffany: Celebrating Books by the 2025 Margaret A. Edwards Award Recipient  by Julie Wasmund Hoffman
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Tiffany D. Jackson
I'm going to start right off and admit that I'm a sucker for a good character. When I can get right into a character's shoes and see the world from their perspective, I find myself turning pages and consuming books from cover to cover. Because of this, I often take the narrator at face value. Maybe, I'm gullible. Maybe, I used to think that the narrator of a story was always a trustworthy source. It turns out that maybe that's not always the case—especially when it comes to characters written by Tiffany D. Jackson. You never really know. 
In some of her books, Ms. Jackson writes characters who take us through a plot with twists and turns, but all along, we can count on the protagonist to tell us what we need to know. In some of her books, the protagonist takes us for a ride. All of her books are clever and worth reading. That's one of the many reasons why I have read every published book written by Tiffany, and it is why I look forward to her next books coming out soon. Yes, I said books—plural. Tiffany D. Jackson is  a prolific writer and was recently the recipient of the 2025 Margaret A. Edwards Award, which celebrates a lifetime of achievement in writing for young adults. That’s a prestigious award that she earned with every truth, lie, questions in between that she weaves into her crafty storytelling. ​
Tiffany D. Jackson’s first book, Allegedly (Quill Tree, 2017), introduced me to the kind of thriller, page-turner that I have come to expect when I read her books. The main character, Mary, was convicted of murdering a baby (allegedly) when she was nine. After getting out of prison, at 16 years of age, Mary is in a group home. She is dealing with so many things—memories of what happened when she was 9, memories of her mom, and life in a group home where she doesn’t feel safe or cared for. Now, Mary and her boyfriend Ted have a baby on the way and the state might take the baby unless Mary is able to clear her name. Ms. Jackson braids fictional court records, case studies, transcripts from interviews, articles, autopsy reports, police reports, and psychiatrist notes through the prose to move the story forward.

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This book provides a great opportunity for students to study the author's craft and to participate in book club discussions. After reading, students can write their own fictional Interviews with  Mary or another character, write fictional news reports covering the case, or students can select several documents from the book that make strong evidence and write an argumentative piece explaining why these artifacts are the best to use to make a case for Mary’s innocence. 
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Tiffany’s second book is Monday’s Not Coming (Quill Tree, 2018)
Claudia’s best friend, Monday, did not show up on the first day of school. Or the week after. Claudia starts asking around. The grown-ups at school seem to not notice, and not care, that Monday hasn’t been showing up for school. Throughout this book, you will feel the frustration Claudia feels, wondering about her friend Monday. You also start to doubt Claudia. With the way others are dismissing her, it is easy to think that maybe there is no Monday—that she never existed. Tiffany D. Jackson writes in a way that makes the protagonist Claudia question herself, and the reader questions Claudia, too. 
Overall, it is a testament to a tough topic that we would all do well to face. This is a book that many of our high school students may choose to read independently. If however, we want to use it as a class novel or a book club selection, students can track the character, participate in fishbowl discussions about the plot(s), and pursue research about the tough topic (I’m not telling) that undergirds the story. The research can lead to student-made Public Service Announcements or White Papers about the topic. They can also do “Signature Colors” for themselves or others, based on how the protagonist Claudia did for herself and her loved ones.
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Let Me Hear A Rhyme (Quill Tree, 2019) is historical fiction, if the late 90s is far enough back to call it historical. Set in Brooklyn, in the midst of the New York City hip-hop scene, Quadir, Jarrell, and Jasmine are trying to get their friend Steph’s music recognized. Steph, who was recently murdered, had stashed away some of his recorded music tracks, which Quadir, Jarrell, and Jasmine discovered. Knowing they can’t get a deal for the deceased Steph, they rename the artist Architect, and try to find a record deal. In true Tiffany D. Jackson style, this book is filled with some twists and turns, some secrets, some dips into social issues that we all need to be talking about, and this one adds a little romance, too. During and after reading this, students can sample some of the music and artists alluded to throughout the book, or analyze the lyrics from one of Steph’s songs.
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I am still contemplating Grown​ (Quill Tree, 2020), which I read in two days, and have re-read a few times since. 17-year-old Enchanted is a good singer—so good that when the famous singer Korey Fields invites her on his tour and hypes up the possibility of a record deal, Enchanted is ecstatic. Even her parents agree to it, with caution, of course. Once she is on tour, Enchanted experiences some things she wasn’t expecting, as she oscillates between feeling grown and sophisticated or feeling powerless and terrified. This mystery thriller addresses some of the same topics we read about during the R. Kelly trials through the lens of Enchanted. 
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​While Tiffany D. Jackson writes books that delude and dismay us, she also writes historical fiction like The Awakening of Malcolm X: A Novel by Ilyasah Shabazz with Tiffany D. Jackson (January 2021). This novel takes us through Malcolm Little’s days in the Charlestown prison, where he discovers Islam and becomes Malcolm X. Though this is a work of fiction, Tiffany D. Jackson and Ilyasah Shabazz use quotations from Malcolm X in every chapter, and keep the timeline accurate. 
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This book, like all of Tiffany’s books, can be read as a self-selected text. If it is read in a book club, or as a class novel, students can create an historical timeline, researching the events in the United States at the time. This can also be a powerful text to generate conversations about education, self-education, literacy, and how power, privilege, justice, and liberation play a role in each. 

In the same way that Tiffany can go all out on equity, power, and antiracism in a boom like the Awakening of Malcom X, she can also subtly weave important social topics into a ghost story. White Smoke (Quill Tree, 2021) features teen Marigold who moves with her recently blended family from California to the Midwest. While Mari is trying to deal with vanishing items, doors opening, strange shadows and sounds, she is also trying to deal with all kinds of changes—to home, school,  life, family. Threaded through the spooky story are topics like gentrification, the criminalization of marijuna, poverty, and racism. Readers can keep track of character alibis, motives, credibility, and evidence to make a case for their thoughts as they move through the story. 
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Jim Crow meets Stephen King in this modern adaptation of King’s Carrie. In Jackson’s book, The Weight of Blood  (Quill Tree, 2022), Springville High is about to host their first integrated prom. While Madi is getting ready for the big event, she is also handling some bullying, some family secrets, and something just plain evil. Students can research some moments in our history around desegregation and the responses. Students can write their own retelling of a favorite story threading in a social issue they think is important to address.
Tiffany has also written a Marvel story, STORM: Dawn of a Goddess (Random House, 2024), and short stories in His Hideous Heart: 13 of Edgar Allan Poe's Most Unsettling Tales Reimagined by Dahlia Adler (Flatiron, 2019), Blackout co-authored with Dhonielle Clayton, Angie Thomas, Nic Stone, Ashley Woodfolk, Nicola Yoon (Quill Tree, 2021), and Whiteout co-authored by the same group of women (Quill Tree, 2022).
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Ms. Jackson has also written a few picture books. Santa in the City (Dial, 2021) was her first. Deja comes home from school crying, as she has spent the day thinking about how Santa might not be able to visit her in her city apartment. When Mommy sees that Deja is upset, she takes Deja through the city to show her some of the helpers in the community. Mommy also reminds Deja that Christmas is magical, and that “Nothing stops Santa from coming to town.”
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In her second picture book, Trick-or-Treating in the City (Dial, 2024), Janelle wants to celebrate her favorite fall holiday, but her dad has to run the store and her mom has to work. Janelle’s friends offer invitations to a variety of fun ways to celebrate Halloween beyond the trick-or-treating Janelle usually does with one of her parents. After listening to their stories and considering all of her options, Janelle decides on the perfect way to spend her Halloween.

Both of these picture books can be read toward a complete author study, and might inspire young adults to write their own children’s picture book stories.
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And, now, for the news you have been waiting for. . . In just under two weeks (Scholastic Press, July 1, 2025), you will be able to read Tiffany ‘s debut middle grade novel Blood in the Water. Kaylani is on vacation with some family friends in Martha’s Vineyard, which is not like her home in Brooklyn. It’s a decent vacation—new friends, beaches, and mystery. When the community hears about the death of a teenage boy, Kaylani becomes obsessed with figuring out what happened. Like the ocean, this story is constantly in motion, with wave after wave of twists, trunks, and thrills. Though the story is geared toward middle grades, it is written in the same TDJ-style that we know and love, and will make a perfect summer read.


​The Scammer
(Quill Tree, October 7, 2025) can be pre-ordered now, and I can’t wait for this one. Jordyn is enrolled in pre-law at an HBCU (I’m getting Howard University vibes). Everything is cool until Devonte, the brother of Jordyn’s roommate arrives on campus. He is just out of prison and needs somewhere to stay . . . just until he gets something together for himself. Good thing he is charming and has lots of friendly advice to help out the young college students, right? 
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I haven’t gotten to read The Scammer yet, and I anxiously await for my pre-ordered copy to arrive. It will be perfectly timed, a few weeks into fall and right before Halloween. I already know that I will be turning pages and experiencing another thrill. I am counting on Tiffany D. Jackson to continue her lifetime of writing young adult books that taunt us, trick us, and tantalize us. I intend to continue sliding right into the shoes of each protagonist, not knowing if I am about to lead or mislead through the next ride. I might not be able to trust all of her characters, but I can definitely trust the brilliant storytelling of Tiffany D. Jackson. ​
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    Dr. Steve Bickmore
    ​Creator and Curator

    Dr. Bickmore is a Professor of English Education at UNLV. He is a scholar of Young Adult Literature and past editor of The ALAN Review and a past president of ALAN. He is a available for speaking engagements at schools, conferences, book festivals, and parent organizations. More information can be found on the Contact page and the About page.
    Dr. Gretchen Rumohr
    Co-Curator
    Gretchen Rumohr is a professor of English and writing program administrator at Aquinas College, where she teaches writing and language arts methods.   She is also a Co-Director of the UNLV Summit on the Research and Teaching of Young Adult Literature. She lives with her four girls and a five-pound Yorkshire Terrier in west Michigan.

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    Meet
    Evangile Dufitumukiza!
    Evangile is a native of Kigali, Rwanda. He is a college student that Steve meet while working in Rwanda as a missionary. In fact, Evangile was one of the first people who translated his English into Kinyarwanda. 

    Steve recruited him to help promote Dr. Bickmore's YA Wednesday on Facebook, Twitter, and other social media while Steve is doing his mission work. 

    He helps Dr. Bickmore promote his academic books and sometimes send out emails in his behalf. 

    You will notice that while he speaks fluent English, it often does look like an "American" version of English. That is because it isn't. His English is heavily influence by British English and different versions of Eastern and Central African English that is prominent in his home country of Rwanda.

    Welcome Evangile into the YA Wednesday community as he learns about Young Adult Literature and all of the wild slang of American English vs the slang and language of the English he has mastered in his beautiful country of Rwanda.  

    While in Rwanda, Steve has learned that it is a poor English speaker who can only master one dialect and/or set of idioms in this complicated language.

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