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Dancing Through Development: Dance as a Theme in Young Adult Literature by Jacqueline Rigazio

4/24/2024

 
Our guest presenter is a college junior student and was brought to my attention by one of her presenters and great friend of the blog Dr. Bryan Ripley Crandall. This is also a reminder that our students at every level are doing great work.

Jacqui Rigazio is a junior at Fairfield University majoring in English/Creative Writing with a minor in Editing and Publishing. Originally from Chelmsford, Massachusetts, Jacqui has been a dancer since she was ten years old and continues dancing in her college dance ensemble today. Outside of academics and dance, Jacqui enjoys writing for her school newspaper, hosting a campus radio show, and spending time with her friends and family. 
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Dancing Through Development: Dance as a Theme in Young Adult Literature

Coming home from middle school always entailed the same routine for me. Walk home from the bus stop, eat a quick snack, and grind as much homework as I can before having to change into a leotard and tights. Slicking my hair back into a brain-aching ballet bun was nothing new for thirteen-year-old me. Dance classes typically took up 2-4 hours of my night during the week, and while I loved it, this routine was often exhausting and left me scrambling to finish homework until well past midnight. High school was nothing different, and neither was college. Dance was a staple part of my adolescent years and has truly grown to become something that I cannot imagine my life without.

I have been an avid dancer from fifth grade until the present day where I still dance in a college dance ensemble. From ballet to ballroom, I was involved in many different dance styles which kept my mind and body busy throughout my young adult years. As I grew up, dance was always my one constant. When the world around me was changing—and even when I was changing myself—I always had dance to rely on. We grew up together.

Dancing always offered me a sense of freedom and emotional release that I craved during my young adult years. It gave me power and control over my own body, and simply just made me feel good to do it. While I have so much to thank my dance classes for, dancing was not always a positive experience. Growing up in dance studios conditioned me to be competitive, always comparing myself to others on the dance floor. As a young girl growing up and still trying to become comfortable in my body, dance put unnecessary pressure on my shoulders. 
​These experiences of growing up as a dancer are not just specific to me. The books A Time to Dance by Padma Venkatraman and Every Body Looking by Candice Iloh provide perspectives on dance as a theme through young adult literature and in young adult lives. In A Time to Dance, Veda, a young Bharatanatyam dancer, suffers a tragic accident that leads to the amputation of her right leg. Now, with a prosthetic limb, Veda relearns how to dance and gains a new perspective on the meaning of dance as a whole. In Every Body Looking, Ada experiences family pressures, social anxieties, and sexual abuse. When she enters college she joins a dance class and falls in love with how the movement frees her of her troubles. 
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Both of these stories are also written in poetic verse, which was a very interesting coincidence to me as I was reading. The choice to write these stories in poetic verse demonstrates how dance, like poetry, is a form of art. Introducing young adults to art instills in them a value of creativity and expression, which can encourage healthy mental habits and an appreciation for artistry in life.
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In both A Time to Dance and Every Body Looking, dance serves as an outlet of expression for these young girls as they grow up and learn about who they are. It also showcases the competitive side of dance and how easy it is to get overtaken by the need to win. These novels demonstrate how dance serves as a theme in young adult lives and provides a sense of purpose, control, and freedom to whoever is experiencing it. 

Growing Into Your Skin

A staple aspect of growing up in one’s young adult years is the bodily changes experienced. During these ages, bodies are growing and changing and it is only natural to feel awkward in one’s skin. As I experienced these changes while growing up as a dancer, I was grateful to dance for giving me a sense of control over my body when everything else felt uncontrollable. Rather than feeling awkward as my body grew into itself, I felt confident in my ability to move with ease and grace. Even on the days when I felt insecure, dancing always reminded me that I was strong.
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In A Time to Dance, Veda echos these same sentiments, and often mentions how dancing is a way of “celebrating [her] strong, skilled body // the center and source of [her] joy // the one thing [she] can count on // the one thing that never fails [her]” (Venkatraman 13). Similar to myself, Veda used dance as a source of strength, confidence, and joy during her adolescent years. Veda depends on her body in difficult times and trusts it to guide her in doing the thing that she loves the most. 

 After her leg amputation, Veda is faced with insecurities, doubt, and dislike of her own body, but dancing reminds her that she “can dance beauty into [her] body” (Venkatraman 25). Even when Veda does not feel like herself after losing her leg, dance proves to her that her body is still capable of accomplishing beautiful things. This gives Veda value and appreciation for her body during her young adult years, something that is very important for young adults to have as their bodies are growing and changing. It is very common for middle and high schoolers to be self-conscious of their bodies and the way that they look, but growing up with dance serves as a reminder that our bodies are strong, beautiful, and capable.

In Every Body Looking, Ada experiences a similar value for her body through dance. When she was younger, Ada was the victim of sexual assault from her cousin. Ever since this traumatic incident, her body has never felt like her own. Even when entering college, she still experienced flashbacks from the assault that made her feel like she did not have control over her body. It was only when she got involved in dance classes that she felt power and ownership of being in her own skin.

Ada says: “he will not understand the way I feel // Every time I get to dance // Is the opposite of it all // That when I tell my body to move // It can //When I tell my body to feel // It can // When I tell my body to stretch // It can // When I tell my body to try // It can // And every time // I go a little further // And every time // I learn my body is mine // And every time // I learn my body’s wishes // Are my command” (Iloh 32). Through dance, Ada is finally feeling joy and control over her body rather than the violation and shame that she has felt previously. Like Veda, dance helps Ada to reclaim her body as her own. Dance lets Ada become confident and proud of herself and the ways that she is using her body. It helps her to heal from her sexual assault and regain mastery of her own body.

Both Veda and Ada’s young adult journies are guided by dance to help them feel a sense of control and confidence over their bodies, which is a very important feeling to accomplish during the awkwardness and insecurities of young adult years. Veda expresses that when she dances, her “body // feels // whole,” which is a sentiment that both Ada, myself, and fellow dancers everywhere can relate to (Venkatraman 294). 

An Emotional Outlet

Along with feeling control over one’s body, dance serves as an emotional outlet within young adult lives. For middle and high-school-aged kids, emotions are everything. They are big, powerful, unavoidable, and oftentimes overwhelming. It can be difficult for young adults of this age to cope with their emotions healthily, especially if they aren’t exactly sure of what they are feeling themselves.
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Dance is a phenomenal emotional outlet for many reasons, but specifically because it does not require talking. In dance, one can simply open themselves up to the music and let their body express what they don’t know how to discuss.
For me, dance classes always provided an outlet to release any negative emotions and turn them into a beautiful form of art through movement. I utilized dance’s healing powers outside of the studio, too. At home, if I was ever in a funk or feeling down, I would go to my basement and improv to music. No one was watching, and a safe space was created between my emotions and dance. This became my go-to method for feeling better. Even on the days when I felt off for no apparent reason, dance always gave me a solution to the problems I couldn’t define. This outlet served especially useful to me when my young adult years were forever altered due to the coronavirus pandemic. Locked away in my house with no face-to-face contact with my friends, dance always helped me reconnect with myself and reminded me of the little joys in life during a time when I felt defeated.

Like myself, Ada uses this same method of release when she needs an emotional outlet. Ada expresses that “sometimes when I’m alone / I’m on a stage… and I am perfect for the beat / my arms fling up and so does my body / I leap like I know this / I move like I’m seen” (Iloh 118). When she is alone, Ada uses dance as a form of therapy to release her emotions. In this way, dance provides a satisfying feeling of renewal, erasing all other emotions in the moment and preserving the art of dancing as sacred.

The therapeutic release of dance teaches young dancers that “dance isn’t about who you are on the outside. // It’s about how you feel inside” (Venkatraman 293). Putting emotion into dance is what makes it artful. In A Time to Dance, Govinda, one of Veda’s dance teachers, tells her that dancing makes him  “feel I’m in the presence of something // large and good. // It doesn’t give me answers. But I don’t need them. // For me that feeling // of wonder, of awe, of mystery, // of being in touch with something larger, // is as close as God comes” (Venkatraman 239-240). For Govinda and many other dancers across the world, dance is a spiritual activity. The art of dancing transcends past physicality and reaches a divine level; providing a cathartic feeling to dancers that is difficult to replicate through any other activity.

In young adult lives, dance is especially important in teaching the value of art. Art and expression are so important for young adults to be exposed to because they instill a value for creativity and expression. By engaging in art, young adults have an outlet to deal with overwhelming feelings while also learning about their passions and interests. Ada, Veda, and I all have dance to thank for giving us a much-needed escape from our real-life troubles during our young adult years. 

Competitive Nature 

While dance provides so many benefits for young adults—such as control over one’s body and emotional expression—dance is not always the positive influence that many people would expect. Growing up as a dancer typically means that you are attending dance competitions as well. These competitions are no joke, as anyone who has watched “Dance Moms” can attest to. They usually come with hours of late-night practices, drilling every dance over again until the routine is perfected. While some dancers live for the competitive aspect, others suffer from the pressure it places on their shoulders. Unfortunately, it is very easy to get sucked into the competitive side of dancing and lose sight of the beauty behind it.
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In A Time to Dance, Veda recognizes that she has lost the true meaning of dance. She admits that when she was younger, she “could hear music to dance to. // When [she] grew up that music grew fainter // and [she] started to love applause” (Venkatraman 136). For Veda, dance became solely about competitions, winning, and feeling pride from applause rather than about dancing itself. At the young adult age, minds are easily influenced and are susceptible to pressure. Dance competitions can condition young adults to value competition over the art of dance. Govinda tells Veda that he thinks she “should // care more about entering people’s hearts //  and elevating their souls // than about entertaining their minds” (Venkatraman 172). This proves how dance can cause young adults to become selfish. Veda is focused on winning and being praised rather than using dance as its art form.

Ada witnesses something similar at college. While scoping out the dance studios, she sees a girl dancing by herself. Her movement is beautiful until she stumbles and all of a sudden screams “NO // DO IT AGAIN” (Iloh 127). This demonstrates how dance instills a value of perfection among young adults. Perfection is impossible to reach, especially for young adults still figuring out their own lives and identities. In this way, dance can be unhealthy for growing adolescents by making them feel valued only if they are perfect.

This perfectionist mentality does not only exist in the fictional dance world. My fellow dancers from the Fairfield University Dance Ensemble shared how the high intensities of their hometown studios became too much for them.
Kelly (19) shares that competitive dance “added a whole new level of stress” to her life as a middle and high schooler. She elaborates that “there’s a very fine line of intensity that determines whether or not [dancing] is fun, because you lose focus on the fun parts of dance and only focus on winning.” Like Veda, Kelly also became consumed with winning and lost the initial reason why she started dancing; simply because she loves it.

This over-the-top competitiveness affects other aspects of a young adult’s life outside of dancing, too. A competitive nature can make a young adult feel as though everything they do has to be perfect. This leaves no leeway for failure. As young adults, you are supposed to fail and get hurt so that you can learn and grow. The competitive aspect of dance can teach young adults that they always need to be the best at whatever they do, which is a very unhealthy and unrealistic mindset to have. This can lead to unnecessary stress and anxiety over aspects of life that are supposed to be normal for teenage growth.

Another dancer, Paxton (19) shares that “when [she] was little [she] was so carefree, but now [she has] crippling anxiety” that she credits to her competitive dance studio. She elaborates “I never did [dance competitions] for myself, I always did it for my parents and my studio director.” After many years in this toxic cycle, Paxton said that “it built up a whole cycle of anxiety” in her life, and that she “couldn’t do it anymore—it was too much pressure.”

Both Paxton and Kelly’s experiences as young adult dancers demonstrate the toxic mentalities that dance can inflict upon adolescents. Even though I loved dancing throughout my young adult life, I was not exempt from these negative mentalities. Starting dance at age ten and continuing ever since meant that I was enrolled in dance classes throughout my adolescent development. While dance provided a needed emotional outlet during this stage in my life, it also conditioned my developing mind to compare myself to others constantly. As a young adult, this was a very unhealthy mental habit. From dance abilities to body image, this habit of comparison was engrained in me at a young age and is still something that affects me today, even eleven years later. 

School Dance Scenes in YA Literature

​Dance in young adult lives is not something specific to those enrolled in dance classes. At one point or another, every young adult is exposed to dance through school dances. In young adult literature, movies, and television shows, school dance scenes are used to portray the peak of youth awkwardness, hormones, and nerves. School dances are always when the guy tries to get the girl, or the main character is anxious over having to dance in front of their entire school. For adolescents, school dances can feel like the biggest and most important events of their young adult lives. Even though these characters are not necessarily dancers, the theme of dance is still very present. In stories like A Brief Moment in the Life of Angus Bethune and Simon Vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda, school dances are used to highlight emotions that are present in all young adults. 
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In A Brief Moment in the Life of Angus Bethune by Chris Crutcher, the main character Angus deals with constant bullying for being overweight and having gay parents. As the brunt of a mean joke by his peers, Angus gets nominated for Senior Winter Ball King, meaning that he has to dance in front of his whole class. Not only does he have to dance, but he has to dance with Melissa Lefevre, the Senior Winter Ball Queen, whom he has had a crush on since kindergarten. Angus’ main issue with this isn’t the joke made at his expense, but rather his inability to dance. He stresses over his “bankrupt sense of rhythm” and even spends “hard-earned money on dance lessons” to try and ease his embarrassment (Crutcher 11). Like any other high school student, Angus’ insecurities and nerves are heightened by the pressure of the impending school dance. Doing something out of his comfort zone in front of all his peers leaves Angus feeling vulnerable. These nerves are characteristic in many high school students who don’t know how to dance, adding even more anxiety to an already nerve-wracking event.

Simon Vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli displays a similar theme of school dances bringing out peak teenage emotions. Simon, a closeted high school student, is being blackmailed by his peer, Martin, who is threatening to expose Simon’s private emails which reveal his sexuality to the student body. In exchange for not exposing these emails, Martin wants Simon to set him up with Simon’s best friend, Abby. Despite Simon’s efforts, Abby can not be convinced to like Martin.

When Abby refuses Martin’s invitation to the school dance, he lashes out at Simon. He approaches Simon and blames him for Abby’s rejection, angrily telling him “she fucking rejected me” (Albertalli 142). Out of anger and humiliation, Martin reveals that Simon is gay on their school’s anonymous blog site. For Martin, taking Abby to the school dance was the only thing his mind was fixated on, and he did not care about hurting Simon as collateral damage. Like adolescent emotions in real life, Martin puts so much pressure on the school dance to help him get the girl he has been crushing on. When this goes wrong, Martin’s reaction is extreme because it ruins his adolescent vision of having the perfect school dance with his crush. For Martin and young adults in real life, school dances can feel like the make-or-break moment of their high school careers.
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Even for non-dancers, like Angus and Martin, dance still serves as a very prevalent theme in young adult literature and young adult lives. Through school dance scenes in young adult literature, adolescent emotions, nerves, romantic lives, and insecurities are showcased. Reflecting real life, these school dance scenes demonstrate the pinnacle of the teenage experience; encapsulating all of the awkward and embarrassing teenage emotions into one night of dancing in a school gymnasium. 

Conclusion

​For dancers and non-dancers alike, dance serves as a theme throughout young adult literature to highlight the growth, mentality, expression, and emotions of adolescent years. Veda and Ada used dance as a way to feel control over their bodies and have an emotional outlet. Along with this, they were both affected by the competitive aspect that dance brings, instilling a drive for perfection among young dancers. Angus and Simon both witnessed how school dances can increase emotions and nerves among high school students. Veda’s perfect dancing to the rhythm and Angus's off-beat clapping in preparation for the Winter Ball show the duality of dance in adolescent lives and the impact of dance on the teenage experience. Whether dance is a source of catharsis or an anxiety trigger, the theme of dance is very present in all young adult lives. 

Works Cited

​Albertalli, Becky. Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda. New York City, HarperCollins Publishers, 2015.
Crutcher, Chris. Angus Bethune, In “Athletic Shorts - Six Short Stories”. Greenwillow Press, 2002.   
Iloh, Candice. Every Body Looking. New York City, Penguin Random House, 2020.
Venkatraman, Padma. A Time to Dance. New York City, Penguin Random House, 2014. 

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    Dr. Bickmore is a Professor of English Education at UNLV. He is a scholar of Young Adult Literature and past editor of The ALAN Review and a past president of ALAN. He is a available for speaking engagements at schools, conferences, book festivals, and parent organizations. More information can be found on the Contact page and the About page.
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