In September 2021, graphic novelist Gareth Hinds was kind enough to join me for a virtual interview. Also joining this conversation was Omnie, a recent graduate of the Master’s of Arts in Reading Education program at Appalachian State University. We hope this YA Wednesday post inspires you to think about graphic novels, adaptations, and comics-making in your classroom. I have broken up the conversation into two sections – one on reading graphic novel adaptations, including references to classic works, and one on the making/composing process. Please also check out Gareth’s website and YouTube channel for more details, ideas, and resources.
Graphic Novel Adaptations: Why Read Them?
Jason
Your work often seems to tackle, redefine or redesign classic stories. I'm curious about what draws you to those kinds of projects.
Gareth Hinds
First of all, I should say, I was not a literature major in school, but I was a nerdy kid who enjoyed Tolkien. When I encountered books like Beowulf and authors like Shakespeare, the language didn't put me off. I’ve always really enjoyed stories that have mythological elements like heroes, gods, and monsters. I went to art school for illustration and I found myself increasingly drawn to comics as my medium of choice. I would do my own comics and I would always feel like the writing was the weak link. So initially, for my senior thesis, I decided to do an adaptation of a Brother’s Grimm fairy tale. I really enjoyed that adaptation process, so I thought I would try it again with something more ambitious, which was Beowulf. Beowulf not only was enjoyable, but then I discovered there was an educational market for it. I realized that it was a really good tool for students and teachers to introduce the classics in a friendlier medium that shows kids immediately what's cool in the story. The graphic novel adaptation makes the book much more accessible, especially for any readers with a language barrier. That really motivated me to keep going further in that vein.
Jason
I’m also drawn to mythology and have used mythology-centered work in the classroom. I did not anticipate that comics or graphic novels would make their way into my classroom, but they did.
Gareth Hinds
When I was growing up, I remember reading comics, especially when I was in high school in the eighties. Maus had come out, and there was starting to be this sense of the potential of the comic medium, but there weren't that many books that were really realizing that potential. There were only a few adaptations in print at that time. There's the whole Classics Illustrated line that started in the 40s that was rebooted in the eighties. I thought that was really cool idea. The thing is, they were all 48 pages long. Most stories did not work very well compressed to a 48-page format. So, part of my thinking when I set out to do Beowulf was that I wanted to take what I loved about those books but really tell the whole story so that the reader had something more like the actual experience of reading the original.
Jason
I had those in my classroom. You’re right. They were digest-sized, all black and white. So, in comparison to your adaptation of The Iliad, there’s much more beauty in what you do.
[Note, I think we’re talking about different series here – there were some classics like White Fang and Call of the Wild that were done in a small b/w mass market paperback like you’re describing, but the Classics Illustrated line looked like your standard dime-store comic book, i.e. they were comic-sized, floppy, colored with very coarse flat colors. –GH]
Gareth Hinds
I also have a particular sort of ax to grind where I don't want my books to look too much like a typical comic book. That's partly just to separate them from all the associations people have with comics. Also, I feel like when you're adapting a work, you really want the art to evoke the emotional tone of that work, and that requires experimenting with materials and doing something a little bit different than a classical flat color treatment. So, that's always one of the things that I make myself do with every book – to really experiment with materials until I get something that feels to me like the tone of the original.
Omnie
During my student teaching, I taught Beowulf and I had never read it before or anything. I went on your website a few months ago and I saw some of your Beowulf illustrations and I sent them to my mentor teacher because so that my mentor could use them next semester. They did a wonderful job of capturing the version I read.
Gareth Hinds
I think that other people are starting to get that idea, as well. When I first started doing this, I had some competition in adaptations, but not that much. Most of the people who were doing adaptations were still using a very standard comics style. Now I'm seeing a lot of work coming out that's visually much richer and more evocative.
Jason
It’s hard to imagine that you haven’t inspired some of that.
Gareth Hinds
I would love to think that.
Jason
How do you go about selecting the stories and pitching the stories that you want to tell?
Gareth Hinds
I always have a list in my head of the classics that I think would be interesting visually and that are taught a lot. I know that the educational market is a big part of my market. So, I want something that's going to sell and that's going to be a useful tool to as many people as possible. And, preferably the ones that are more difficult to read or to teach. I'll give you a counterexample: I haven't yet done any Jane Austen. I love Jane Austen, but I feel like it's a less obvious candidate because less is happening in the way of action or other visual cues to the story. It's largely dialogue-driven. Those conversations are lovely, but they're also very accessible. The language is modern for the most part. So, I haven't felt like those need to be graphic novels. They also wouldn’t be as exciting to draw (for me).
With a work like The Odyssey or The Iliad, people might get intimidated just because of the perceived length. I'm thinking about that, as well.
My publisher is usually happy to go with whatever adaptation I want to do. They'll ask me questions about whether the texts are being taught and about my approach. For example, they might ask approximately how long the book will be. But generally they've been pretty supportive. When I will go to them with a few options, they'll usually ask which idea I am most excited about, because that's probably going to be one that I will do the best job on. So, they've never really asked me for anything specific – with one exception, which was that when I finished Macbeth they said, “Oh, we really love these super dark, creepy, horror-like elements that you did in Macbeth -- what else would you want to do in that vein?” And I said, Oh, well, the obvious answer there is Poe. So that sort of came from their request. But, in general, it's just me picking what I think is going to be the coolest thing to do next.
Jason
The Poe anthology is absolutely gorgeous.
Gareth Hinds
Thank you. I had a lot of fun with that one because it's composed of shorter pieces. I could treat each one a little bit differently and experiment within the book quite a bit.
Jason
I'm also thinking about how Beowulf, and in some of these mythological stories in so many ways, they're kind of like the first superhero stories. I can totally see the lineage going back to that.
Gareth Hinds
Yeah, that’s a good point and that is actually one reason why I chose Beowulf. I wanted to do something that connected ancient literature with modern superheroes because that was the mainstream of the market. Those mythological characters are the proto-superheroes, and their struggles are very much the same.
The Process of Making/Adapting Graphic Novels
Jason
I'm also curious about your creative process and how these pages come to be.
Gareth Hinds
First of all, honestly, I'm going to describe a bunch of the process in words, but if you want to see some of this visually, there are a bunch of videos that I've done on YouTube. If you either go to my channel or you search my name, there are presentations and demos that I've done. I mentioned experimenting. So, at the beginning of a project, I start reading the text multiple times to get it really solidly in my head. If it's something like The Odyssey or The Iliad, the original is not in English. I will read multiple translations to compare them and think about the qualities in different translations. And then, at the same time I'm doing that, I am starting to play around with the art and do sample pages or sample panels with different styles and different materials to get something that excites me visually, and that captures the tone of the story. Also, I’m trying to find a technique that is fairly fast, because these are huge projects. So, I don't want a style that's super laborious. At some point, I'll have a couple of samples that I like and I'll have started to develop an idea about how much I can abridge the text. For example, if it's a work by Shakespeare where I'm going to be using the actual original text, I will just dump it straight into Microsoft Word, turn on “track changes,” and start deleting elements that I think I can remove. Often, many of these texts come out of the oral tradition so there is a fair amount of repetition. Also, when I read Shakespeare for example, I feel like I have a pretty good grasp of Shakespearian language, but there are parts of the text that I stumble on or where I think the reader might start to zone out. I'll make a note then to cut whatever parts of the text might be confusing or just too long.
Next, I have to basically do the whole book as a rough sketch dummy or a rough layout, where I'm putting in the text and doing rough sketches for the panels, playing with how all those elements are arranged, how the panels are arranged on the page, what happens in each panel, and so on. That's where most of the decision-making happens. Then I basically have a visual draft of the book that I can show to my editor, and to other early readers to get their feedback on how the story flows, whether there are places they're getting confused, that kind of thing. So, I’ll get feedback and I'll make changes at that stage, where it’s still pretty easy to redraw things. And then once it's kind of -- not quite locked down, but once it's pretty firm -- then I'll go through and I'll draw and color the final art. How I do that depends on the style I've come up with for that particular book -- each one is different, but for The Odyssey and The Iliad, I would be drawing everything pencil and then painting over those drawings with watercolor. And then at the end there's always a lot of fiddly little work like redrawing the balloons to be nice and clean, and putting sound effects on a separate layer so that they can be translated or moved around if they need to be -- stuff like that. And then it goes off as a digital file to the publisher, and then they send it off to the printer, and they will get a proof to make sure everything looks okay. And then it gets printed and becomes a real book. But that takes a long time. These are long projects! Pretty much everything is more than a year. And things like The Odyssey and The Iliad are two years or more on my end. And then the publisher usually takes about a year on their end, so it's quite a long timescale. A typical life-cycle involves being well into the next book before the previous book actually comes out. That means you have to change gears and go promote the thing that you've now almost forgotten about.
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As a final call from this piece, if you have students make and adapt comics, please share your process with us on social media.
Images retrieved from Gareth's website.
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